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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

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d'Images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
lllustrent  la  mithode. 


r     ^      : 

I     ■    " 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

PORTRAITS 


Of 


NORTH  AMERICAN  INDIANS, 


WITH   SKETCHES   OF   SCENERY,  ETC.. 


i.i,. 


I 


I'AI.VTED    BV 


J.  M.  STANLEY. 


".',}'irf-9f'  1 


DEPOSITCD  VITB 


THE  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 


m 

m 


WASHINGTON: 
SMITHSONIAN   INSTITUTION. 

DECEMBER.   1SS3. 


r 

0 


'  ■ '  1 


PREFACE. 


a     \^i 


::r0;|| 


The  collection  embraced  in  this  Catalogue  comprises  accu- 
rate portraits  painted  from  life  of  forty-three  different  tribes 
of  Indians,  obtained  at  the  cost,  hazard,  and  inconvenience 
of  a  ten  years*  tour  through  the  South-western  Prairies,  New 
Mexico,  California,  and  Oregon.  Of  coui'se,  but  a  short  de- 
scription of  the  characters  represented  or  of  the  leading  inci- 
dents in  their  lives  is  given.  But  even  these  brief  sketches,  it 
is  hoped,  will  not  fail  to  interest  those  who  look  at  their  por- 
traits, and  excite  some  desire  that  the  memory,  at  least,  of 
these  tribes  may  not  become  extinct. 

J.  M.  STANLEY. 


■■»  ■  ■:■• 
up-'-"! 


s-tl 


r-  :> 


i^ 


CONTENTS. 


PAdK 

Seminoles 5 

Creeks 8 

ClIEROKEES 14 

cuickasaws 2g 

potowatomies 20 

Stocrbridges 20 

MUNSEES 30 

Ottottas 30 

Cuil'PEWAS 31 

Delawares 31 

AVeeaus 34 

Shawnees 34 

Sacs  and  Foxes 35 

Black  Feet 40 

Osages 41 

Quapaws 46 

loH'AS 46 

WicnETAWs,  OR  Pawnee  Picts  47 

Caddoes 4S 

Anandarkoes 49 

4 


VAOI 

Wacoes 50 

Natchitoches 51 

towocconies 51 

Keechies 52 

comanches 53 

Pueblos 55 

Umi'quas 59 

Klameths 59 

Callai'oovas 60 

CniNooKs CO 

Cl.ACKMUS 61 

AVim.amette  Fai.i.s  Indians...  62 

Tlickitacks 6.) 

Wau,.\-Wai,las 6;J 

Cavises 65 

Nez  Pekces , 66 

Pei.ouses 66 

Spokanes 67 

Stony  Island  Indians 71 

Okanagans 72 


SEMINOLES. 


\    V 


TiJK  Scminoles  originally  belonged  to  the  Creek  family;  but,  owing 
to  some  internal  dissensions,  they  left  them  and  fornuul  a  separate 
and  independent  band.  The  Creeks  gave  them  the  appellatiim  of 
Semini)l<'.i,  which  signifies  "runaways."  On  tlieir  removal  west  of 
the  3Iissi8sippi,  the  government  assigned  to  them  a  portion  of  the 
Creek  country ;  but  being  unwilling  to  come  under  the  then  existing 
Creek  laws,  they  refused  to  occupy  it,  and  took  up  their  abode  in  the 
Cherokee  nation,  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Gibson.  Here  tlioy  resided 
until  the  spring  of  1845,  when  they  met  the  Creeks  in  council;  and 
through  the  exertions  of  Major  Wm.  Armstrong,  Superintendent  of 
Indian  Affairs  in  the  South-west,  Gov.  P.  M.  Butler,  Cherokee  Agent, 
and  Col.  Jas.  Logan,  Creek  Agent,  their  causes  of  dissati-ifiction  were 
removed,  and  they  accordingly  took  up  their  abode  in  the  Creek 
Nation,  upon  the  waters  of  Little  River. 


m 


'i  ■  .1 


1. 

CO-WOCK-COO-CIIEF;,  on  WILDCAT. 
(Painted  Doc.  IS  12.) 

A  Seminole  Chief,  and  one  of  the  most  celebrated  of  his  tribe ; 
possessed  of  much  vanity  and  an  indomitable  spiri*.  he  has  won  for 
himself  an  exalted  name  and  standing  among  his       n'lc. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  Florida  War,  ho  was  a  n*  'o  boy;  but  ho 
shouldered  his  rifle,  and  fought  with  so  much  courage  and  despera- 
tion, that  he  was  soon  looked  up  to  as  a  master-spirit.  This  gathered 
a  band  of  warriors  about  him,  who  adopted  him  as  their  chief  leader. 
At  the  head  of  this  party  ho  became  a  formidable  enemy  of  the  United 
States  troops,  and  gave  them  much  trouble  during  that  campaign,  and 
probably  would  never  have  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  whites,  had 
he  been  able  to  procure  food  and  ammunition  for  his  band :  being 
reduced  to  a  state  of  starvation,  he  was  obliged  to  surrender,  and,  by 
treaty  stipulations  with  the  United  States  Government,  was  with  hi.-i 
people  removed  west  of  the  Mississippi. 


•1=  .'4 


SEMIN0LE8. 


3. 


AL-LECK  TUSTKNIJOOEE. 

(Pivintotl  Doc.  1842.) 

Tliis  riiiof  is  at  the  liond  of  the  Miknsiikio  Imnd,  and  during  tlic 
Florida  Vn'nr  was  oiio  of  tlio  most  aotivo  among  t!io  Scniinolca. 

])uring  this  war,  his  binul  perpetrated  sonic  of  the  most  cruel  mur- 
ders on  record ;  among  them  was  that  of  Mrs.  Montgonu'ry,  who 
was  brutally  massacred  while  riding  on  horsehaek,  within  a  short 
distance  of  the  post,  where  her  husliand,  Lieut.  Montgomery,  of  the 
V.  S.  A.,  was  stationed.  Since  the  removid  of  his  people  west  of  the 
]Mis8i.ssippi,  they  hare  been  quite  peaceable,  but  not  altogether  con- 
tented. Great  numbers  have  died  from  local  diseases,  and  the  in- 
temperate use  of  whiskey,  which  they  procure  on  the  fnmtier. 

He  in(|uired  particularly  after  the  health  of  (Jen.  Worth,  of  the 
U.  S.  A.,  of  whom  he  spoke  in  the  highest  terms.  He  wore  many 
ornaments  and  articles  of  dress,  the  gifts  of  that  (listinguished  officer. 

I  asked  of  him  the  privilege  of  painting  one  of  his  wives.  lie 
replied  that  his  women  had  been  huntc<]  through  the  everglades  of 
Florida  until  they  were  unlit  to  be  seen  ;  but  whenever  they  recruited, 
he  would  not  object  to  their  being  painted. 


3. 

NOKE-SUKE  TUSTEXUGGEE. 

(Painted  Doc.  1S42.) 

A  Seminole  Sub-chief  of  the  Mikasukie  band.     A  warrior  of  dis- 
tinction, and  Al-leck  Tusteuuggec'a  aid. 


4. 

AL-LECK  TUSTEXUGGEE,  XOKE-SUKE  TUSTEXUGGEE,  CUDJO, 
and  GEO.  AV.  CLARKE. 

(Painted  Dec.  1842.) 

Cudjo  is  a  negro  Interpreter,  who  served  the  United  States  during 
the  Florida  War;  and  Geo.  W.  Clarke  is  Seminole  Agent. 


SKMINOLES. 


0. 

TUSTEXUUGKE  CIIOI'-KO,  or  THE  IHG  WAHHIOR. 

(I'liiiitod  Doc.  1812.) 

A  Soniinnlo  Mikasukio  Sub-cliiof,  mid  ono  of  tlio  iiKist  distin- 
giiislicd  warriors  of  liis  tribe.  IIo  i.s  si.x  foot  thn:o  inclie.><  in  lioiglit, 
and  well  pmixirtioued,  and  is  (jstcenicd  ono  of  the  best  ball-pla}era 
among  liis  podplc.  His  eountvnaiieo  iiulieates  any  tiling  but  iiitclli- 
gc'iu'c  or  slirewdiiesH  ;  on  the  enntniry,  it  o.\hibit,s  evidence  of  a 
cnpiicity  to  cdiiiinit  any  act,  liowever  cruel  and  atrocious,  at  tlie  bid- 
ding of  bis  cliief.  He  is  .said  to  liavc  cut  off  the  hands  of  Mrs.  Mont- 
gomery after  her  murder,  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  the  rings  upi>u 
her  lingers. 


I  0 


6. 

CIIO-CO-TE  TUSTEXUGG EK. 
(raiiitod  Doc.  18J2.) 

A  Sub-chief,  of  sonic  note  as  a  warrior,  but  abandoned  and  dissi- 
pated; he  is  painted  in  the  costume  in  which  he  presented  himself, 
with  a  bottle  of  "fire- water"  in  bis  hand.  He  possesses  an  amiable 
disposition,  and  is  passionately  fond  of  joking,  which  has  acquired 
for  him  the  celebrity  of  punster  to  the  band. 


i-k 


IIAL-BURTA-IIADJO,  on  ALLIGATOR. 

(ruintetl  Aug.  18W.) 

A  Seminole  Chief,  celebrated  for  his  prowess  as  a  warrior.  His 
name  has  been  frequently  before  the  public,  as  the  in.«tigator  and 
perpetrator  of  many  atrocious  murders,  during  the  Florida  campaign. 
He  has  suft'ered  much  from  sickness  since  his  removal,  and  looks  de- 
jected and  careworn. 


8. 

COT-SA,  on  TIGER. 

(Painted  Dee.  1S42.) 

A  Seminole  Warrior,  and  son  of  Alligator. 


'm 


8 


CRKKKfl, 


I: 


O. 

SEM-I-WOC-CA. 

(I'liiiitcdScpt.  IHCI.) 

lloprcsentcd  as  about  crossing  a  small  stream,  with  a  corn-basket, 
uu'l'.r  her  arm,  She  is  attired  in  the  costume  pcculiur  to  the  Creek 
and  Seminole  women.  Their  dress  consists  of  calico,  of  a  course, 
cheap  kind,  worked  to  the  depth  of  from  twelve  to  fifteen  inches  from 
the  bottom  with  different  colours,  in  various  devices. 

I  found  it  exceedingly  difficult  to  get  the  women  of  this  tribe  to 
sit  for  their  pictures,  owing  to  the  opposition  of  their  chiefs,  who  do 
not  consider  thciu  worthy  of  such  uu  honour. 


CREEKS. 


These  people  formerly  resided  in  Georgia  and  Alabama,  but  were 
removed  by  the  United  States  Government  in  1815(5,  and  are  now  re- 
siding on  the  Arkansas,  seven  hundred  miles  west  of  the  Mississippi. 
They  are  somewhat  advanced  in  civilization  and  the  arts.  They 
mostly  follow  agricultural  purt^uits,  having  extensive  farms  and 
many  negroes.  The  principal  productions  of  the  soil  are  corn  and 
sweet  potatoes;  they  raise  some  cotton,  from  which  they  manufacture 
a  very  substantial  cloth,  suitable  to  their  own  wants.  Vegetables 
of  almost  every  description  are  produced  in  abundance.  They  raise 
large  stocks  of  horses,  hogs,  and  cattle,  to  which  their  country  is  well 
adapted,  being  mostly  prairie,  and  one  of  the  finest  grazing  countries 
in  the  world. 

They  adhere  tenaciously  to  all  their  ancient  customs,  with  a  super- 
stitious awe  and  veneration,  having  among  them  their  rain-makers, 
medicine  or  mystery  men,  in  the  potency  of  whose  charms  they  arc 
firm  believers. 


CRKF-KS, 


10. 

OPOKTII-MvYO-TIOLO. 

(I'ililllnl  .July,  1MI3.) 

Sppiikcr  of  flin  Tapper  CrockH.  "Tlii«  inaii  lioMs  llio  nuk  of 
principiil  cdimscllnr,  or  spc.'ikcr  of  tlio  coiiiicilH,  over  wliicli  he  prc- 
sidi'H  with  great  (Ii;;iiity.  His  inlliu'iicc  is  so  i,'r('at,  tliat  tlio  (|ii('sti(tns 
siihiiiittcil  to  cniiiicil  nro  gonorally  dcciiloil  accoriliiig  to  liis  will;  for 
liin  trilio  consider  liiin  as  tlio  organ  of  tlioir  ('liief,  and  suppowu  lie 
only  speaks  as  lie  is  ilirectod. 

"  His  ]iower  is  such  over  thein,  that,  tlioy  liavo  froqiunitly  roqucstoJ 
liini  to  sninnit  himself  as  a  eanilidat(!  for  the  priiieipal  chieftainship; 
liut  lie  prefers  his  position  as  speaker,  whieli  lirings  him  ninre  imme- 
diately ill  eoiitaet  with  his  people,  and  gives  him  the  advantage  of 
di.-playing  his  address  and  eliMpieiiee. 

"During  the  late  unhappy  contest  between  tlio  Unitcil  States  and 
the  Seminole  fiidians,  it  was  to  lie  expectcil  that  the  sympathies  of  tho 
Creeks  would  he  strongly  exeited  in  favour  of  the  latter,  who  are  a 
wandering  trilie,  deseeiidaiits  from  the  Creek  nation.  Aecordiiigly, 
in  iNIid,  when  the  war  grew  hot,  and  the  Seminules  were  sueeessful 
in  several  sanguinary  engagements,  the  spirit  of  revolt  spread  through 
the  Creek  nation,  and  many  of  that  jieoplo  were  urged,  by  the  fatal 
ilestiny  wliieh  seemed  to  have  doomed  that  whole  race  to  extinction, 
into  open  war.  Sau-gah-at-ehee,  one  of  the  towns  of  Opoeth-le-yo- 
holo's  district,  was  tho  lirst  to  revolt.  The  warriors,  without  ii  single 
e.xeeptioii,  painted  themselves  for  war;  the  young  men  rushed  out 
upon  the  higbways,  and  murdered  all  the  travellers  who  fell  in  their 
way.  Opoeth-le-yo-bolo,  on  bearing  the  intelligence,  imnn  Hately 
placed  himself  at  the  bead  of  tin;  warriors  of  bis  own  town,  marched 
upon  the  insurgents,  burned  tbeir  village,  and,  having  captured  some 
of  their  men,  delivered  them  over  to  the  military,  by  whom  they 
were  imprisoned." — McKinncy. 


I  \i 


!•■.•: 


11. 

OPOETII-LE-YO-IIOLO. 

(1S13.) 

Heprcscnted  in  the  manner  in  which  be  paints  himself  wbcn  going 
to  war.     One  would  hardly  recognise  this  celebrated  chief  in  this 
di.sguiso.     lie  insisted  on  beiug  thus  painted,  and  it  was  with  diffi- 
18 


10 


CREEKS. 


culty  that  he  was  afterwards  indu(  tn]  to  wash  his  face,  and  sit  for  ii 
portrait  which  his  friends  would  be  able  to  recognise.     See  No.  10 


13. 

A  CRKKK  BUFFALO  DANCE. 

(Painted  Aug.  1843.) 
This  dance  is  enacted  every  year  during  the  season  of  their  busk 
or  green-corn  dances;  and  the  men,  women,  and  children,  all  take  an 
active  part  in  the  ceremony.  They  invest  themselves  with  the  scalp 
of  the  buffalo,  with  the  horns  and  tail  attached,  and  dance  about  in 
a  circle,  uttering  sounds  in  imitation  of  the  aniuial  they  represent, 
with  their  bodies  in  a  half-bent  position,  supporting  their  weiglit 
upon  their  ball-sticks,  which  represent  the  forelegs  of  the  bufl'alo. 


11 


13. 

TUSTEXUGG EE  EM ATIILA. 

(Paintoil  Juno,  181.3.) 

"This  is  a  fine-looking  man,  six  feet  and  one  inch  in  height,  and 
well  proportioned,  of  manly  and  martial  appearance  and  grout  j)liysieal 
strength,  and  is  well  calculated  to  command  the  respect  of  a  band  of 
savage  warriors.  lie  is  generally  known  by  the  name  of  Jim  Hoy. 
Tustenuggee  means  '  warrior;'  and  Kmathla,  '  ne.vt  to  the  warrior.' 

"  He  is  and  always  has  been  a  firm  and  undeviating  friend  of  flu; 
whites  :  he  led  a  party  of  seven  hundred  and  .seventy-si.x  warriors  to 
Florida,  and  endeavoured,  first  as  mediator,  to  induce  the  Seminoles 
to  abandon  the  bloody  and  fruitless  contest  in  which  they  were  en- 
gaged, but  was  unsuccessful. 

"  Soon  after  his  arrival  at  Tampa,  he  joined  the  camp  of  Col.  Lane, 
by  whom  he  was  sent,  with  two  hundred  of  his  warriors,  to  look  after 
the  Seininoles.  He  fell  in  with  a  party  of  the  latter,  and  drove  them 
into  a  swamp,  from  which  they  opened  a  fire,  and  wounded  several 
of  his  men.  lie  was  then  sent  to  meet  Gov.  Call,  and  arrived  at  the 
spot  where  Gen.  Gaines  was  surrounded,  soon  after  that  officer  had 
been  relieved.  On  the  following  day,  he  joined  Gov.  Call,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  Fort  Drane,  where  the  Seminoles,  though  numerous,  re- 
fused them  battle,  fled,  and  were  pursued.  Q'lie  Creeks  were  unable 
to  overtake  them ;  but  the  Tennessee  horse  fell  in  with  them  on  the 
following  day,  and  a  fight  ensued,  in  which  several  were  killed  on 


pi 


m  ill 


CREEKS. 


11 


eaeli  sido.  Tnstcnuggoc  Emutlilii  and  his  party  joinoJ  tlio  nniiy 
again  at  Fort  Pade;  and  tho  Sciiiinolos  being  in  a  swamp  hard  l>y, 
an  attack  was  planned,  in  whieh  the  Creeks  were  invited  to  go  fnre- 
niost,  an  honour  which  they  promptly  declined,  while  they  cheerfnlly 
iigrecd  to  advance  sido  by  side  with  the  white  men.  In  this  fi;^lit 
the  Creeks  lost  four  men,  besides  one  who  was  accidentally  killed  b}' 
the  whites,  but  the  Seminoles  were  beaten.  lie  was  afterwards  s<  tit 
to  a  place  towards  St,  Augustine  for  provisions,  and  was  in  several 
skirmishes  not  worth  recording. 

"  He  says  he  joined  our  army  under  a  promise  made  by  the  com- 
manding general,  that  in  the  removal  of  his  people  west  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, about  to  take  place,  his  property  and  family  should  bo 
attended  to,  and  that  he  .«hoidd  bo  indemnified  for  anv  loss  that 
might  happen  in  consequence  of  his  absence.  These  stipulations,  ho 
alleges,  weie  broken  by  the  removal  of  his  women  and  children, 
while  he  w.-^s  absent  in  the  service  of  the  government,  whereby  his 
entire  property  was  destroyed.  Nor  was  this  the  worst  of  his  mis- 
fortunes. His  family,  consisting  of  a  wife  and  nine  children,  were- 
among  the  unfortunate  persons  who  were  on  board  of  the  steamboat 
IMonniouth,  when  that  vessel  was  sunk  by  the  mismanagement  of  thuse 
to  whose  care  it  was  intrusted,  and  two  hundred  and  thirty-si.x  of  the 
Creeks,  including  four  of  Ins  children,  were  drowned.  Melancholy 
as  such  an  occurrence  would  be  under  any  circumstances,  the  catas- 
trophe is  infinitely  the  more  deplorable  when  happening  to  an  igno- 
rant people,  while  emigrating,  unwillingly,  under  the  charge  of  our 
public  agents,  and  to  a  people  whose  whole  intercourse  with  the 
whites  has  tended  to  render  them  suspicious  of  the  faith  of  civilized 
men." — McKinmn/. 

lie  speaks  English  quite  fluently,  but  will  not  converse  with  a  man 
unless  well  acquainted  with  him  ;  and  he  will  not  then  speak  it,  in  the 
presence  of  the  Indians,  lest  he  should  compromi.se  the  dignity  cha- 
racteristic of  Indian  greatness.  For  his  interference  in  the  Florida 
war,  he  has  entailed  upim  himself  the  lasting  hatred  of  the  Seini- 
noles :  they  hold  him  in  such  utter  abhorrence  and  detestation,  that 
they  would  never  look  upon  his  portrait,  while  in  my  studio,  without 
manifesting  dissatisfaction  and  disgust. 

He  is  abmit  tifty-two  years  of  age,  vigorous  and  active,  and  is 
rtill  able  to  undergo  much  fatigue  and  hardship.  He  is  beloved 
and  respected  by  his  people,  and  is  one  of  the  loading  men  of  hia 
nation . 


f^; 


•■-■  ■■ 


i  i3 .:  M 


\     ^A 


m 


12 


CREEKS. 


11. 

TO-MATII-LA-MICCO,  or  THE  LITTLE  KING. 

(PaintcdJunc,  181.1.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Upper  Creeks.  Distinguished  only  as  a  War- 
rior, he  was  elected  to  the  chieftainship  through  the  instrumentality 
of  C^pooth-le-yo-holo,  who  has  great  influence  over  him.  lie  is 
painted  in  the  attitude  of  holding  a  red  slick,  which  is  invariably 
carried  by  him,  during  the  ceremonies  of  the  busk  or  green-corn 
dance.     It  is  emblematical  of  the  red-stick  or  late  Creek  war. 

Possessing  no  merit  as  an  orator  or  counsellor,  his  will  is  easily 
swayed  by  his  speaker.  lie  is  mild  and  amiable  in  his  disposition, 
and  much  beloved  by  his  people. 


15. 

TUCK-A-BACK-A-MICCO,  on  THE  MEDICIXE-MAN  or  PHYSIC- 

MAKER. 

(Painted  June,  184.'?.) 

This  is  the  great  IMcdicinc  or  Mystery  Man  of  the  Creeks;  his 
fields  of  corn  are  cultivated  by  the  peo])le  of  the  town  in  whicli  he 
resides,  and  a  salary  of  five  hundred  dolhirs  per  annum  is  allowed 
him  from  the  treasury  of  the  nation,  for  his  services. 

They  suppose  him  to  be  indued  with  supernatural  powers,  and 
capable  of  making  it  rain  copiously  at  will. 

In  his  town  is  a  building  of  rather  a  singular  and  peculiar  con- 
struction, used  during  their  annual  busk  or  greon-corn  dances  as  a 
dancing-house.  It  is  of  a  circular  form,  about  sixty  feet  in  diameter 
and  thirty  feet  high,  built  of  logs;  and  was  planned  by  this  man  in 
the  following  manner: — 

He  cut  sticks  in  miniature  of  every  log  required  in  the  construc- 
tion of  the  building,  and  distributed  them  proportionately  among  the 
residents  of  the  town,  whose  duty  it  was  to  cut  logs  corresponding 
with  their  sticks,  and  deliver  them  upon  the  ground  appropriated  for 
the  building,  at  a  given  time.  At  the  raising  of  the  house,  not  a 
log  was  cut  or  changed  from  its  original  destination;  all  came  to- 
gether in  their  appropriate  places,  as  intended  by  the  designer. 
During  the  planning  of  this  building,  which  occupied  him  six  days, 
be  did  not  partake  of  the  least  particle  of  food. 


'I' 


CREEKS. 


18 


ITo  lias  in  bis  possession,  and  wears,  a  medal  said  to  have  been 
presented  to  his  parents  by  Gen.  Washington. 

He  is  painted  in  the  costume  whieh  he  usually  wears. 

16. 

TAII-COO-SAII  FIXICO,  or  BILLY  IIARDJO. 

(Piiintcd  Aug.  ISl!].) 

Chief  of  one  of  the  Upper  Creek  towns.  He  is  a  mereliunt  or 
trader  among  his  people;  also,  has  an  extensive  farm  and  several 
negro  slaves,  whieh  enable  him  to  live  very  comfortably,  lie  is 
mueh  bi'K)ved  and  respected  by  his  people.  The  dress  in  whieh  he 
is  painted  is  that  of  a  ball-player,  as  they  at  first  appear  upon  the 
ground.  During  the  play  they  divest  themselves  of  all  their  orna- 
ments, whieh  are  usually  displayed  on  these  occasions,  fur  the  ))ur- 
pose  of  betting  on  the  result  of  the  play:  such  is  their  passion  for 
betting,  that  tlie  oppo.sing  parties  frequently  bet  from  live  hundred  to 
a  thousand  dollars  ou  a  single  game. 

It. 

CHILLY  MelXTOSII. 

(Puintoil  Juno,  ]Si;5.) 

An  Upper  Creek  Chief.  Tins  man  is  a  brother  of  Gen.  Mcintosh, 
who  was  killed  some  years  since  by  his  people,  for  negotiating  a 
trcaiy  with  the  United  States  Government,  contrary  to  the  laws  of 
his  country.  Chilly  was  pursued  bj'  the  same  party  who  massacred 
his  brother,  but  succeeded  in  making  his  escape  by  swimming  a 
river,  which  arrested  his  pursuers. 

'Olenawa,  who  is  called  the  Citreat  Warrior,  was  commissioned  by 
the  chiefs  to  raise  a  p:irty  to  march  to  the  Indian  Springs  and  exe- 
cute the  judgment  ot  their  law  upon  ^Mcintosh  on  his  own  hearth- 
stone. With  the  usual  promptitude  of  the  Indians  in  the  prosecution 
of  bloody  business,  IMeuawa  was  soon  at  the  head  of  one  hundred  of 
his  Oakfuskec  braves,  and,  after  a  rapid  march,  arrived  before  the 
house  of  the  fated  Jlclntosh  before  day,  on  the  morning  of  the  first 
of  May,  just  seventy-.^even  days  after  the  signing  of  the  treaty.  The 
house  having  been  surrounded,  Menawa  spoke : — '  Let  the  white 
people  who  are  in  the  house  come  out,  and  also  the  women  and 
children.  We  come  not  to  injure  them.  Mcintosh  has  broken  ♦he 
law  made  by  himself,  and  we  are  come  to  take  his  life.'" 


M 


'*^iSa 


i^ 


w 


n  ■q 


i 


li'r 


%      4 


t .  -^fl 


14 


CIIEROKTIKS. 


This  aummons  was  oboyed  by  all  to  whom  it  was  arMrossi'd. 
Chilly,  who,  having  signed  the  treaty,  was  in  the  list  of  nieditatcil 
victims,  was  enabled  by  his  light  complexion  to  pass  out  with  the 
whites,  and  escaped. 

Out  of  this  occurrence  arose  two  parties  among  the  Creek  Indians. 
One  was  composed  of  the  bulk  of  the  nation — the  other  of  the  fol- 
lowers of  Mcintosh,  headed  by  Chilly. 

He  speaks  English  fluently,  and  has  seen  much  of  civilized  life, 
having  spent  much  time  at  Washington,  tran.sacting  business  with 
the  heads  of  Departments,  iu  behalf  of  his  people.  IIo  is  among  tlio 
first  men  of  his  nation. 

IS. 

KEE-SEIvLAII  and  AII-SEE-IIEE. 

(PuinU'd  Aug.  ISl.'!.) 

Daughters  of  Opoeth-le-yo-holo.  The  latter  is  commonly  denomi- 
nated the  Young  Queen.  The  remaining  figure  on  the  right  is  a 
half-breed  and  the  wife  of  a  white  trader. 


CIIEROKEES. 


This  nation's  territory  borders  on  Arkansas  and  Missouri.  They 
are  a  semi-civilized  people,  and  are  more  advanced  in  the  arts  and 
agriculture  than  any  other  Indian  Nation.  They  number  about 
twenty  thousand  souls.  Most  of  them  cultivate  the  soil  with  much 
success.  Their  farms  are  cultivated  by  slaves,  of  which  they  own 
great  numbers.  Corn  is  the  staple  production  of  the  .soil,  although 
they  raise  some  small  grain,  and  enough  cotton  for  home  consump- 
tion. Many  of  them  manufacture  cloth  sufficient  for  themselves  and 
slaves.  They  di.splay  much  taste  in  the  formation  of  their  patterns, 
many  of  which  arc  truly  beautiful.  A  sample  nuiy  be  found  among 
the  various  Indian  Curiosities  attached  to  the  Gallery. 


CIIEROKEES. 


15 


The  National  Authori'.ies  liave  established  schools  in  every  dis- 
trict throughout  the  nation,  and  engiigcd  competent  teachers  to  take 
charge  of  theiu.  Missionaries  of  various  denominations  are  assiduously 
engaged  among  them,  from  whose  pious  and  exemplary  conduct  they 


are  receiving  lasting  bcuelits. 


'•i 

.'.t,^    v. 


19. 

COO-WIS-COO-EK,  OK  JOHN  KOSS. 
(Painted  Sept  1844.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Cherokecs.  IMr.  Ross  has  been  for  a  number 
of  years  at  the  iiead  of  his  people,  which  fact  is  sufficient  evidence  of 
the  high  estimation  in  which  they  hold  him  as  a  man  capable  of 
discharging  the  responsible  duties  devolving  upon  the  office.  !Mr.  II. 
is  a  man  of  education,  and  as  a  statesman  would  do  honour  to  the 
legislative  halls  of  any  country.  His  hospitality  is  unbounded; 
from  his  soft  and  bland  manners,  his  guests  are  at  once  made  to  feel 
at  home,  and  forget  tiiat  they  are  far  from  the  busy  scenes  of  civil- 
ization, and  surrounded  by  the  red  men  of  the  forest.  His  house  is 
the  refuge  of  the  poor,  starved,  and  naked  Indian;  when  hungry,  he 
is  sure  to  find  at  the  abode  of  this  exemplary  man  something  where- 
with to  appease  his  hunger,  and  if  naked,  a  garment  to  cover  his 
nakedness.  Of  his  private  aud  political  history  umch  might  be  said; 
but  we  leave  it  to  those  who  are  more  competent  to  the  task,  and 
able  to  do  him  that  justice  due  to  so  eminent  a  man. 


yfival,' 


J  i3 


4}:. 


Mi,  J' 


If 

.V 

4 

_,    'l 

•  , 

Vi 

'•(« 


so. 

KEKTII-LA,   on   DOG. 

(Painted  IS  II.) 

Commonly  called  Major  George  Lo^ery,  Second  or  Assistant 
Chief  of  the  Cherokees;  an  office  which  he  has  tilled  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  with  much  credit  to  himself  and  the  entire  satisfaction 
of  his  people.  He  is  about  seventy  years  of  age,  speaks  English 
fluently,  and  is  an  exemplary  Christian. 

He  is  painted  in  the  attitude  of  explaining  the  wampum,  a  tradition 
of  the  manner  in  which  peace  was  first  brought  about  among  the 
the  various  Indian  tribes.     (See  No.  27.) 


Sill 
HI 


w 


■t. 


Ik 


^^^ 
**,«., 


10 


cnKiU)Ki:i;s. 


STAN   WATIK. 

(I'liiiito.l  .liino,  ISI.'i.) 

A  highly  giflotl  and  taloiitiMl  (^luTokt'O.  Tliis  iiian  is  a  hrotlicr  of 
IJdudiiiof,  who  was  iiiurdcrcil  sdiiio  yoars  siiico  tor  iiis  i)arti('i|iation 
ill  ucgotiafing  with  the  United  States  iho  Now  Kehota  treaty,  (whicli 
has  caused  so  nineh  interna!  dissension  among  tlie  Cherokees,)  con- 
trary to  the  hiws  of  his  eonntiy.  Stan  Watie  was  also  one  of  tlie 
signers  of  that,  instniinent,  hut  has  thus  far  escaped  the  honilih^ 
death  that  hefoll  his  brother.  He  is  reputed  to  ho  one  of  tiie 
bravest  iiieii  of  his  j)eo|>Io.  I>iiriiig  tlio  session  of  the  Inlernational 
Otuneil,  at  Tah-lo-nuah,  in  June,  1S4I>,  lio  sat  for  his  j)ortiait  ;  lie 
was  surrounded  by  hundreds  of  his  enemies  at  the  time,  but  did  not 
inaiiifost  the  least  symptoms  of  fear  during  his  sojourn.  A  biogra- 
phy of  this  man's  life  would  form  a  very  intcrostiug  volume. 

THOMAS  WATIE. 

(I'uiiite.l   1S12.) 

Brother  of  Stan  W.VTIK,  a  fine-looking  man,  but  abandoned  and 
dissipated,  llo  is  a  printer  by  trade,  and  speaks  English  fluently 
and  writes  a  good  hand. 


m 


38. 

YKAH-WKIvOO-YAlI-r.lli;,   on   THK   SPOILKD   PKKSOX. 

(PaiiiUMl   ISll.) 

This  man  was  ono  of  the  signers  of  the  first  treaty  made  with  tlc^ 
riicndvces  by  the  1'nifed  States  (^)vernment,  during  tho  ailmiuistra 
tion  of  General  Washington.  Ho  says  ho  was  at  that  time  quite 
a  young  warrior,  but  ho  distinctly  recollects  how  tho  General  hudvcd, 
and  all  that  took  place.  He  describes  tho  manner  in  which  the  In- 
dians were  received  by  their  Great  Father  as  follows  : — "  The  white 
men  stood  like  geese  flying,  the  Great  Father  standing  at  the  head. 
Tho  Indians  wore  told  by  tho  interpreter,  that  they  must  not  shake 
hands  with  any  one  until  they  had  shaken  the  hand  of  their  Great 
Father;  they  all  passed  through  tho  centre,  and  each  in  his  turn 
shook  him  by  the  hand."  He  also  gave  an  amusing  deseriptiou  of 
the  dinner  which  was  prepared  for  them  on  that  occasiou. 


riii:iioKKi;8. 


r 


Diiring  tlio  fJrock  war  ho  fdnglit  with  flio  whites  against,  tlic 
CnM'ks,  ami  at.  tho  battle  of  lldrsc  Simi!  mcoivod  sevrrul  wouimIs.  H(.> 
is  now  altout  SS  years  of  age,  ami  reeeives  a  iieusioii  from  tlic  riiite(| 
States  for  his  services  (luring  that  war:  he  is  still  in  the  full  eii- 
j<»}inent  of  all  his  faeiiltios,  having  riildou  thirty  miles  on  hursebaek 
to  sit  for  tho  portrait  now  exhihited. 

21. 

OII-TAII-Ni:i:-U\  TAII,  OK  CATCHER. 

{I'liiiitoil  IS  1 1.) 

A  Cherokee  Warrior. 

ClIAULKS   MelXTOSII. 

(Puiiitod  1.SI2.) 

A  Cherokee  half-breed,  about  twenty-three  years  of  ag(!,  little 
known  among  his  people  until  December,  lS4l*.  He  then  distinguished 
himself  by  killing  a  man  upon  the  J'rairies,  by  the  namti  of  Merrett, 
an  escaped  convict  from  the  jail  at  Van  Huren,  Arkansas,  who  with 
his  brother  was  under  sentence  to  the  »State  J'rison,  had  escaped,  and 
fled  to  the  I'rairies,  where  they  carried  on  a  sort  of  land  piracy,  rob- 
bing and  murdering  all  travellers  whom  chance  threw  into  their 
power. 


i  D 


4 

■if 


•!' 


2«. 

AVE-CIIA-LAII-NAIMIK,  ok  THE   SPIRIT. 

(Paintoil  IS  11.) 

Commonly  called  John  lluss.  A  regular  ordained  minister  of  the 
Presbyterian  denomination,  and  speaks  no  English.  He  is  a  very 
pious  and  good  man.  The  following  letter,  written  in  the  Cherokee 
language,  which  I  received  from  him,  will  give  the  reader  some  idea 
of  the  bituution  of  the  people  under  his  pastoral  charge, 

TaII-LE-QUAH,  CllKUOKKK   N*Tlf.M. 
Jamuiri/  SOth,  1844. 
My  Fiuend  : — You  wish  that  T  should  tell  you  something  about 
the  Cherokee.s  living  on  Honey  Creek.     I  suppose  you  wish  to  know 
whether  the  people  are  acting  as  a  civilized  or  uncivilized  people 
I  am  very  glad  to  hear  that  you  wish  to  know  something  about  the 


18 


CUKUOKEnS. 


? 


Cliorokoos.  r  will  write  to  you  in  Clioiokeo,  it  liciiig  tlio  only  luii- 
guagc  wliicli  I  can  write.  I  fiimuit  write  llic  English  Jaii^uago  us 
the  Whites.     Yiiu  can  get  sunie  jierson  to  interpret  lliis  for  }iiu. 

AVlien  we  came  to  this  coiintr}'  and  settleil  on  Honey  Creek,  liicre 
were  but  few  who  emigrated  from  east  of  the  Mississiji|ii,  tiiat  formerly 
were  connected  with  the  church,  who  had  settled  in  this  iilaee;  luit 
now  there  are  a  great  man}-,  and  we  have  built  a  house  of  (jod,  and 
ou  the  Sabbath-day  we  pray  to  him  at  that  place,  and  we  have  the 
go.>ipi'l  of  Ciod  preached  to  us,  and  we  meet  here  every  Sabbath.  The 
people  attend  to  what  is  said  during  divine  service,  and  we  have  a 
Sunday-school.  The  children  attend  to  learn  to  read,  both  in  Chero- 
kee and  Knglish;  we  have  also  f(U-med  a  Temperance  Society,  and 
Lave  met  once,  which  was  ou  the  first  of  the  month;  it  was  a  very 
cold  day,  and  only  few  attended,  but  I  thiidi  about  tifty  signed  the 
pledge.  Wo  have  lately  formed  a  liible  Society  in  this  neighbour- 
hood, and  have  met  once.  There  were  about  tiiirty  subscribed  their 
names  to  give  money  to  buy  good  books.  There  were  only  twenty 
dollars  received.  lu  this  manner  the  people  are  gradually  improving 
under  the  influenoc  of  the  gospel,  and  1  believe  they  have  become 
acquainted  with  God  and  his  Son.  ^ 

I  anj  your  ob't  servant, 

JOHN   HUSS. 


U 


91-. 

INTERNATIONAL  INDIAN  COUNCIL. 

(PiiiiitoJ  1813.) 

This  council  was  convened  by  John  Ross,  at  Tah-le  quali,  in  the 
Cherokee  Nation,  in  the  month  of  June,  1843,  and  continued  in 
session  four  weeks.  Delegates  from  seventeen  tribes  were  jirescnf, 
and  the  whole  assemblage  numbered  some  ten  thousand  Indians. 
During  the  session,  each  of  the  chiefs  and  warriors  of  the  .several 
delegations  delivered  a  "talk;"  but  want  of  space  compels  us  to 
confine  ourselves  to  the  explanation  of  the  wampum  belt,  and  the 
speech  of  IMr.  lloss. 

Major  George  Lowrey,  Second  Chief  of  the  Cherokees,  (No.  20,)  in 
explanation  of  the  wampum,  spoke  as  follows : — 

"You  will  now  hear  a  talk  from  our  forefathers.  You  mu.st  not 
think  hard,  if  we  make  a  few  mistakes  in  describing  our  wampum  j  if 
we  do,  we  will  try  and  rectify  them. 


m 


CIIEROKKFS. 


19 


"My  TIrotiikrs,  jou  will  now  hear  what  our  forefathers  said  fo  us. 

"  In  the  first  phice,  tho  Sonccas,  a  great  many  years  ago,  (lovised 
a  I'lan  for  us  to  become  friends.  AVhen  tliis  phui  was  first  hud,  llic 
Seneca  rose  up  and  said,  I  fear  tlio  Clierokee,  because  the  toma- 
hawlc  is  stuck  in  several  parts  of  his  head.  Tlic  Seneca  afterward 
remarked,  that  he  saw  the  tomahawk  still  sticking  in  all  parts  of  the 
Cherokee's  head,  and  heard  him  whonping  and  hallooing  s;iy  that  he 
was  too  strong  to  die.  The  Seneca  furtlicr  said  ;  Our  warriors  in  old 
times  used  to  go  to  war;  when  they  did  gi.,  they  always  went  to  fight 
the  Cherokces;  sometimes  one  or  two  would  return  home — soinetimes 
noner  lie  further  said.  The  Great  Spirit  must  love  the  Chero- 
kees,  and  we  must  be  in  the  wrong,  going  to  war  with  them.  The 
Seneca  then  said.  Suppose  we  make  friends  with  the  Cherokee,  and 
wash  his  wounds  and  cause  them  to  heal  up,  that  he  may  grow  hirger 
than  he  was  before.  The  Seneca,  after  thus  speaking,  .sat  down. 
The  Wyandot  then  ro.sc  and  said.  You  have  done  rigiit,  and  let  it 
be.  I  am  your  youngest  brother,  and  you  are  our  oldest.  This  word 
was  told  to  the  Shawuees:  they  replied.  We  are  glad,  let  it  be;  you 
are  our  elder  brothers.  The  Senecas  then  said,  they  would  go  abcmt 
and  pray  to  the  Great  Spirit  for  four  years  to  as.sist  them  in  making 
peace,  and  that  they  would  set  aside  a  vi'ssel  of  water  and  cover  it, 
and  at  the  end  of  every  year  they  would  take  the  cover  of!',  and  ex- 
amine the  water,  which  they  did:  every  time  they  opened  it,  they 
found  it  was  changed ;  at  the  end  of  four  years  they  uncovered  the 
ves-sel  and  found  that  the  water  had  changed  to  a  colour  that  suited 
them.  The  Seneca  then  said.  The  Great  Spirit  has  had  mercy  upoi? 
us,  and  the  thing  has  taken  place  just  as  we  wished  it. 

"Tiio  Shawnee  then  said,  Wc  will  make  straight  paths;  but  let  us 
make  peace  among  our  neighbouring  tribes  first,  before  we  make  this 
path  to  those  afar  off. 

"The  Seneca  then  said,  IJeforc  wo  make  peace,  we  must  give  our 
neighbouring  tribes  some  fire;  for  it  will  not  du  to  make  peace  with- 
out it, — they  might  be  travelling  about,  and  run  against  each  other, 
and  probably  cause  them  to  hurt  each  other.  These  three  tribes 
said,  before  making  peace  that  this  fire  which  was  to  be  given  to 
them  should  be  kindled  in  order  that  a  big  light  may  be  raised,  so 
they  may  see  each  other  at  a  long  distance ;  this  is  to  last  so  long  as 
the  earth  stands;  they  said  further,  that  this  law  of  peace  shall  last 
from  generation  to  generation — so  long  as  there  shall  be  a  red  man 
living  on  this  earth;  they  also  said,  that  tho  fire  shall  continue 


i  Q 


•lit?' 


■4 


•a    VH 


•iJ  .: 


■ft 


20 


CUKIIOKF.K.S. 


I 


unions  \is  Mini  sliiill  ncvrr  I)c  ('xtin;,'ni.slii'(l  as  loii;^  iis  one  rcin.iiiH. 
Tlio  Scnccii  t'lirllicr  said  to  tlio  Sliiiwni'c.s,  I  Imvc  piil  a  Ixit  aiMiiiiil 
}'i)U,  and  liavf  tied  np  tliu  talk  in  a  bundle,  and  placed  it  on  ^oiir 
l)acks ;  wo  will  iidw  inako  a  path  on  which  wc  will  pass  to  the  Sioux. 
'I'lu'  Scnci'ii  said  further,  Vou  shall  continue  ynur  path  until  it 
shall  reach  the  lodge  of  tlio  Osage.  When  tli((  talk  was  hrou^lit  to 
the  Sioux,  they  replied,  We  feel  thankful  to  you  and  will  taki'  your 
talk;   we  can  sei' a  light  throimh  the  path  you  have  made  for  us. 

"When  the  Shawnee  brouiiht  the  talk  to  the  (Jsagcs,  they  i(i|jlied, 
Hy  to-niorrow,  hy  the  middle  of  the  day,  we  shall  have  fini.-iicd 
our  l)u.-<ine.ss.  The  Osage  said  further,  The  (ireat  Spirit  lias'been 
kind  to  me  ;  ho  has  brought  sonietliiiig  to  me,  I  being  fatigued  hunt- 
ing for  it.  When  the  Shawnee  refuriieil  to  the  lodge  of  the  Osages, 
they  were  informed  that  they  were  to  be  killed,  and  they  inimediatily 
jy  made  their  escape. 

"  When  the  Shawnoes  returned  to  their  homes  whence  they  came, 
they  said  they  had  been  near  being  killed. 

"The  Seneca  then  said  to  the  Shawnees,  that  the  Osagcs  must  be 
mistaken.  They  sent  them  back  to  them  again.  The  Shawnees 
went  again  to  see  the  Osagcs — tliey  told  them  their  bu.-iness.  The 
Osagcs  remarked.  The  (ireat  Spirit  has  been  good  to  us, — 
to-morrow  by  the  middle  of  the  day  he  will  give  us  soiuething  wilii- 
out  fatigue.  AVheii  the  Shawnees  arrived  at  the  lodge,  an  old  man 
of  the  Osagcs  told  them  that  they  had  better  make  their  e.»*cape ; 
that  if  they  did  not,  by  the  middle  of  the  following  day,  they  were 
all  to  be  destroyed,  and  directed  them  to  the  nearest  point  of  the 
woods.  The  Shawnees  made  their  escape  about  midday.  They 
discovered  the  Osagcs  following  them,  and  threw  away  their  packs, 
reserving  the  bug  their  talk  was  in,  and  arrived  at  their  camp  safe. 
When  the  Shawnees  arrived  home,  they  .said  they  had  come  near  being 
killed,  and  the  Osagcs  refused  to  receive  their  talk.  The  Seiieea 
then  said.  If  the  O.sages  will  not  take  our  talk,  let  them  renmin  as 
they  arc;  and  when  the  rising  generation  shall  become  as  one,  the 
Osagcs  shall  be  like  some  herb  standing  alone.  The  Seneca  further 
said.  The  Osagcs  shall  be  like  a  lone  cherry-tree,  standing  in  the 
jnairies,  where  the  birds  of  all  kinds  shall  light  upon  it  at  pleasure. 
The  reason  this  talk  was  made  about  the  0.sages  was,  that  they  prided 
themselves  upon  their  warriors  and  manhood,  and  did  not  wish  to  make 
peace 

"The  Seneca  further  said,  We  have  succeeded  in  making  peace  with 


i 


rFFI-ROKIll'S. 


21 


1(11  tlio  Noitlicrn  nnd  nci^^lihniiring  tribos.  Tlic  Scnoca  tlion  saij 
to  the  Sliiiwiici's,  Yoii  iiiiist  now  turn  your  cfnirsc  to  tlio  Soutli  :  yuii 
must  niiiko  your  piitli  to  tlio  ClicrokccH,  and  even  niako  it  into  tlioir 
liouHOs.  When  tlic  Sliawncps  started  at  night  tlicy  took  up  tlu-ircanip 
iind  sat  up  all  ni<,'ht,  praying  to  the  (Jreat  Spirit  to  cnablo  tlii-ni  to 
arrive  in  peace  and  safety  among  tl)e  Clicrokccs.  The  Shawnoes 
still  ko))t  their  course,  until  they  reached  a  place  called  Tali-le-<|uah, 
where  they  arrived  in  safety,  as  tiiey  wished,  and  there  met  the 
iliicfs  and  warriors  of  the  Cherokees.  When  they  arrived  near'fah- 
ie-(|Uiih,  they  went  to  a  house  and  sent  two  men  to  the  head  chiefs. 
The  chief's  daughter  was  the  only  person  iu  the  house.  As  soon 
as  she  saw  them,  she  went  out  and  met  them,  and  sh(Hik  them  hy 
the  hand  and  asked  them  into  the  hotise  to  sit  down.  The  men 
were  all  in  the  field  at  work — the  girl's  father  was  with  them.  She 
ran  anil  told  him  that  there  were  two  men  in  the  house,  and  that 
they  were  enemies.  The  chief  inuncdiatcl}'  ran  to  the  house  and 
shook  ihein  hy  the  hand,  and  stood  at  the  door.  The  Cherokccs  all 
assembled  arouiul  the  house,  and  said,  Let  us  kill  them,  for  they  aro 
enemies.  Some  of  the  men  said  No,  the  chief's  daughter  has  taken 
them  by  the  hand;  so  also  has  our  chi(>f.  The  men  then  became  bet- 
ter satisfied.  The  chief  asked  the  two  men  if  they  were  alone.  They 
answered,  no;  that  iiM>re  were  some  more  with  thcni.  lie  told  them 
to  go  after  tlu'ui  and  bring  them  to  his  house.  WImmi  these  two  men 
returned  with  the  rest  of  their  people,  the  chief  asked  them  what 
their  business  was.  They  then  opeueil  this  valuable  bundle,  and  told 
him  that  it  contaiiu'd  a  talk  for  peace.  The  chief  tuld  them,  I  can- 
not do  business  alone;  all  the  chiefs  are  assembled  at  a  place  called 
Cho-qna-ta,  where  I  will  attend  to  your  busiiu'ss  in  general  council. 
When  the  messengers  of  peace  arrived  at  Clio  qua-ta,  they  were  kindly 
received  by  the  chiefs,  who  told  them  they  would  gladly  receive  their 
talk  of  peace.  The  messengers  of  peace  then  said  to  the  Cherokees, 
We  will  make  n  path  for  you  to  travel  in,  and  the  rising  generation 
may  do  the  same, — we  also  will  keep  it  swept  clean  and  white, 
po  that  the  rising  generation  may  travel  in  peace.  The  Shawnee 
further  .said,  We  will  keep  the  doors  of  our  houses  open,  sa  that  when 
ihe  rising  generation  come  among  us  they  shall  be  welcome;  he 
further  said,  This  talk  is  intended  for  all  the  diflferent  tribes  of  our 
red  brothers,  and  is  to  last  to  the  end  of  time ;  he  further  said, 
I  have  made  a  fire  out  of  the  dry  elm — this  fire  is  for  all  the  diflferent 
tribes  to  see  by.     I  have  put  one  chunk  toward  the  rising  sun,  ouo 


I: 


11'''  ■' 


■V:  i 


'(' 


1    '■ 


00 


('UKUOKKES. 


1 


fDWiinl  tlic  Hotfiii;?  sun,  muc  towiinl  tlm  imrtli,  niiil  (iiic  tiiw.inl  th' 
H(Mitli.  'I'liis  fire  is  imt  to  In-  cxtiiii^iiislicil  mi  lon^  lis  tiinc  liisls.  | 
shall  stick  up  ii  stick  i-Ihsc  l»y  this  lire,  in  order  thiit  it  niiiy  IVc. 
(|uciitly  he  stirred,  and  raise  a  li^ht  tur  tho  rising  geueratinii  to  si'(> 
hy,  it'  any  niie  should  turn  in  the  (hirk,  you  must  ciitoh  liiiu  liy  tin: 
hand,  and  lead  hiui  to  the  li^dit,  so  that  he  can  sec  that  he  was  wrong. 

"  I  have  made  you  a  firedij,'lit,  F  have  stri|iiied  si>nn'  white  hickory 
l»ark  and  set  it  uj)  against  the  tree,  in  order  that  when  yoii  wish  (o  ri - 
move  litis  fire,  you  can  tak(>  it  and  put  it  on  tho  bark;  when  vnii 
kindle  this  lire  it  will  be  seen  rising  up  towiir<l  the  heavens.  I  will 
.see  it  and  know  it  ;  I  am  your  oldest  Itrothcr.  The  mcsscngi  r  if 
peace  i'mther  said,  I  have  prepMre(l  while  benches  for  yon,  and  Icamd 
the  while  jtipe  against  them,  and  when  you  eat  you  shall  have  luit 
oiu>  dish  and  one  spoon.  We  have  done  every  thing  that  was  gipud, 
but  our  warriors  .still  hold  their  tomahawks  in  their  hamls,  as  if  they 
wished  to  fight  oiieh  other.  We  will  now  take  their  tomahawks  tVnm 
them  and  bury  them;  wc  mast  bury  them  deep  under  the  earth  win  m 
there  is  water;  and  there  must  be  winds,  which  we  wish  to  blow  tlnui 
so  far  that  our  warriors  may  never  sec  them  again. 

"  The  messenger  further  said.  Where  there  is  blood  spilt  T  will  wipe 
it  up  clean — wherever  bones  havt;  been  .scattered,  I  have  taken  llit m 
and  buried  them,  and  covered  them  with  white  hickory  bark  and  a 
white  cloth — there  must  be  no  more  blood  spilt  ;  our  warriors  niii~t 
not  recollect  it  any  more;  our  warriors  said  that  the  Cher(d;ees  were 
working  for  the  rising  generation  by  themselves;  we  must  take  Imld 
and  help  them. 

"  1'hc  messengers  then  said  that  you  Cherokecs  ari!  placed  now 
under  the  centre  of  the  sun  ;  this  talk  I  leave  with  you  for  the  dilVi  r- 
ent  tribes,  and  when  you  talk  it,  our  voice  shall  be  loud  enough  to 
be  heard  over  this  island.     This  is  all  I  have  to  say." 

3Ir.  lloss  then  arose  and  addressi.'il  the  Council  as  follows: 

"UiioTilKRs:  The  tadc  of  our  forefathers  has  been  spoken,  and 
you  have  listened  to  it.  Y<iu  have  also  smoked  the  pipe  of  peace, 
and  sliaken  the  right  hand  of  frientlship  around  the  Great  Council- 
fire,  newly  kindled  at  Tah-le-quah,  in  the  west,  and  our  hearts  have 
been  made  glad  on  the  interesting  occasion. 

"  Brothers :  When  wc  look  into  the  history  of  our  race,  we  see 
some  green  spots  that  are  pleasing  to  us.  We  also  find  many  things 
to  make  the  heart  sad.  When  we  look  upon  the  first  council-tire 
kindled  by  our  forefathers,  when  the  pipe  of  t)cace  was  smoked  in 


I 


CIli:lloKEES. 


!:{ 


linitlicrlv  fi'i('n(lf'lil|i  Itctwcon  the  difrcr.  lit  nritionx  of  rcil  iicoplc,  nnr 
liciirtrt  rcjnicc  iti  tlio  ^o(Hliic>t,s  df  .uv  Croator  ii>  liaviiij^  tlm-*  iiiiift-l 
tlu!  Iiciirt.  ami  liainl  of  tlir  ri'I  man  in  pcM'-o. 

"  For  it  is  in  jiciico  only  tliat  onr  wduitii  ari'l  cliildrcn  can  (.Mijuy 
liappincHs  and  incroiisn  in  nnnilxTM. 

•'  \\y  jtcacc  (iiir  ciinditinii  lias  liccn  inipnivcd  in  tlie  pnrsnit  (.r('ivil- 
izod  litV.  Wi'  should,  llMTcfiirc,  extend  tlie  liand  id"  tVieiid-'lMp  fmni 
trUie  ti)  fiilic,  nntil  pence  slinll  lie  estalilislu'd  lietweeii  I'vei y  natimi 
of  red  men  williin  tlie  reaeli  of  onr  voice. 

"  Mrotliers  :  Wlien  wo  call  to  niiml  tlic  only  associations  wliieli  en- 
deareil  us  to  tlie  land  wliieli  gave  birth  to  onr  ancjcstors,  win  re  we 
have  Iieen  Iironglit  np  in  peace  to  taste  tlie  lienefits  of  civilized  life; 
and  when  wo  hoc  tliat  o\ir  ancient  (Ire  lias  tlierr  been  cstinjiiiislied, 
and  our  people  couipelled  to  roniovo  to  ii  new  and  distant  enmitry, 
wc  cannot  bnt  feel  sorry;  but  tlic  designs  of  I'rovideiu'c,  in  the 
course  of  events,  arc  mysterious — wc  should  not,  thi'refore,  di'spair 
of  (»nuo  more  enjoying  the  blessings  of  peace  in  our  new  homes. 

"  Hruthers  :  Hy  this  removal,  tribes  thai  were  once  separated  by 
distance  have  become  neighbours,  and  s(Mne  of  them,  hitherto  not 
known  to  each  other,  have  met  and  become  ac(|uaiiitcd.  'J'here  are, 
however,  numerous  other  triljcs  to  whom  we  are  still  str.angi'rs. 

"  Itrothers  :  It  is  for  reviving  licr<'  in  the  west  the  ancient  talk  of  onr 
forefathers,  and  of  perpetuating  for  ever  the  old  [m  and  pipt;  of  jieacc 
|)rouLdit  from  the  cast,  and  of  extending  them  from  nation  to  nation, 
and  for  adojiting  sncdi  internatiinial  laws  as  may  be  nt'ces.-ary  to  re- 
dress the  wrongs  which  may  h((  done  by  individuals  of  our  respective 
nations  upon  each  other,  that  you  have  been  invited  to  atti'iid  the 
present  council. 

"  Hrofheis,  let  us  so  then  act  that  the  peace  and  friend>hip  which  so 
happily  cxisteil  between  our  forefathers,  may  be  for  ever  })reserved  ; 
and  that  we  nniy  always  live  as  brothers  of  the  same  family." 

The  following  compact  was  then  introduced  by  Mr.  Ross,  for  the 
deliberation  and  action  of  the  council : — 

"  W/irrKm,  the  removal  of  the  Indian  tribes  from  the  homes  of 
their  fathers,  oast  of  the  Mississijipi,  has  there  extinguished  our 
ancient  ccmncil-fircs,  and  changed  our  position  in  regard  to  each 
other ;  and  wdiereus,  by  the  solemn  pledge  of  treaties,  we  are  assured 
by  the  government  of  the  I'nited  States  that  the  lands  which  we  now 
possess  shall  bo  the  undisturbed  home  of  ourselves  and  our  p(  sterity 
for  ever.      T/irir/urr,  wc  the  authorized  representatives  of  the  several 


t  U 


'^ 


i 


•(! 


«'. 


4       rJ 


24 


ciii:roki:e.s. 


iiatiims,  pnvtips  licrcunto  assonililcd  anniid  tlio  Groat  Countil-firo, 
kiiidk'd  in  tlio  wcsf,  at  Tah-lc-quali,  in  unit  r  to  preserve  the  existeiici' 
of  our  rac(\  to  revive  and  cultivate  iViend!}'  relations  between  oiu' 
several  eoninmnities,  to  secure  to  all  tlieir  respeetivo  rights,  and  to 
promote  the  general  welfare,  do  enter  into  the  following  eonipaet : 

"1st.  IVace  and  friendship  shall  bo  for  ever  niaintaiued  between 
tho  parties  to  this  compact,  and  between  their  respective  citizens. 

"'2d.  lunenge  shall  not  bo  cherished,  nor  retaliation  practised  fur 
offences  eoniniitted  by  individuals. 

"  8(1.  To  provide  for  the  improvement  of  our  people  in  agriculture, 
manufactures,  and  other  domestic  arts,  adapted  to  pnnnote  the  com- 
fort and  happiness  of  our  women  and  children,  a  fixed  and  perma- 
nent location  on  our  lands  is  an  indispensable  condition.  In  order, 
therefore,  to  secure  those  important  objects,  to  prevent  any  future 
removal,  and  to  transmit  to  our  posterity  an  unimpaired  title  to  lands 
guarantied  to  our  respective  nations  by  the  United  States,  we 
hereby  solemnly  pledge  ourselves  to  each  other,  that  no  nation,  jitntv 
to  this  compact,  shall,  without  tho  consent  f>f  all  tho  other  parties, 
cede,  or  in  any  manner  alienate  to  tho  United  8tates  any  part  of 
their  jiresent  territory. 

"4fh.  If  a  citizen  of  one  nation  commit  wilful  murder,  or  other 
crimes,  within  the  limits  of  another  nation,  party  hereto,  he  shall  be 
subject  to  the  same  treatment  as  if  he  were  a  citizen  of  that  nation. 
In  cases  of  property  stiden,  or  taken  liy  force  or  fraud,  the  pMpiirty, 
if  found,  shall  be  restored  to  tho  owner;  but  if  not  found,  the  con- 
victeil  ])erson  shall  pay  tho  full  value  thereof. 

"  5th.  If  a  citizen  of  any  nation,  party  to  this  compact,  shall  com- 
mit murder  or  other  crime,  and  flee  from  justice  into  the  territory 
nf  any  other  party  hereto,  such  criminal  shall,  on  demand  of  tlie 
principal  chief  of  the  nation  from  whirh  he  I'ed,  (accompanied  with 
reasonable  proof  nf  his  guilt,)  be  delivered  uji  to  the  authorities  of 
the  jiation  having  jurisdiction  of  tho  crime. 

"  Gth.  We  hereby  further  agree,  that  if  any  of  our  respective  citi- 
zens shall  commit  murder  or  other  crime  ujion  the  person  of  any  such 
citizen  in  any  place  beyond  the  limits  of  our  several  territories,  the 
person  so  offending  tduiU  be  subject  to  the  sanu'  tniatment  as  if  the 
offence  had  been  committed  within  the  limits  of  his  own  nation. 

"  7th.  Any  citizen  of  one  nation  may  be  admitted  to  citizenship 
in  any  other  nation,  party  hereto,  by  the  consent  uf  the  proper  au- 
thorities of  such  nation. 


CHEROKEES. 


25 


"  8th.  The  use  of  ardent  spirits  being  a  fruitful  source  of  crimo 
and  misfortune,  wo  reconiniend  its  suppression  within  our  respective 
limits;  and  agree  that  no  citizen  of  one  nation  shall  introduce  them 
into  the  territory  of  any  other  mition,  party  to  this  compact." 

The  foregoing  eunipact  was,  however,  only  signed  by  two  or  three 
tribes  ;  it  was  something  new  to  the  delegates,  and  a  project  they  did 
not  feel  authorized  to  act  upon  without  consulting  their  respective 
constituents;  each  delegation  was  furnished  with  a  copy  for  future 
deliberation  and  action. 

Although  the  council  failed  in  its  main  object,  we  doubt  not  that 
much  good  will  result  from  the  conuningling  of  so  many  dilferent 
tribes,  who  have  often  been  arrayed  against  each  other  in  deadly 
strife,  upon  the  immense  plains  which  supplies  most  of  them  with 
the  means  of  subsistence. 

During  tlie  whole  session  the  utmost  good  feeling  and  harmony 
prevailed ;  the  business  was  brought  to  a  close  at  sundown,  after 
which  the  various  tribes  joined  in  dancing,  which  was  usually  kept 
up  to  u  late  hour. 


'I 

I- 


i  G 


2S. 

THREE  CIIEUOKKE  LADIES. 

(raiiitcd  IS  12.) 

29. 

TWO  CHEROKEE  GIRLS. 

(Painted  IS  12.) 


W- 


30. 

CADDO  COVE,  CADDO  CREEK,  ARKANSAS. 

(Piiiiitea  1S13.) 

Gov.  p.  M.  Butler  and  party  on  their  return  from  council  with 
the  wild  Indians. 


t  •; 


31. 

VIEW  OF  THE  ARKANSAS  VALLEY  FROM  MAGAZINE 

MOrNTAIN. 

(Paintod  1844.) 

10 


I 


26  rOTOWATOMIES. 

32. 

NATURAL  DAM  IN   CRAAVFOllD  COUNTY,  ARKANSAS. 

(Painted  1844.) 


33. 

VIEW  OF   DARDANELLE  ROCK   ON  THE   ARKANSAS. 

(riiinted  1844.) 


ii^i' 


CHICKASAW. 


34. 

ISII-TON-NO-YES,  or  JA^IES  GAJIBLE. 

(Piiiiitua  1S43.) 

Cliic-lcasaw  Interpreter.     A  youug  man  of  education,  and  spoak.s 
English  fluently. 


rOTOWATOMIES. 


f  I 


TiiESK  people  formerly  owned  and  oernpied  a  large  tract  of  liiml 
in  Michigan,  and  have  by  treaty  stipulations  been  removed  went  of 
the  Mississippi;  they  arc  at  present  locatcil  on  the  Mis.souri,  in  tin- 
vicinity  of  Council  IJluffs.  A  portion  of  them  raise  some  corn  and  a 
few  vegetables,  but  do  not  cultivate  the  soil  to  any  great  extent. 
They  are  suppo.sed  to  have  originally  belonged  to  the  Cliip]wwa 
family,  as  their  language,  manners,  and  customs  bear  a  similarity 
to  them. 


POTOWATOMIES. 


35. 


■\VA-TjOX-SKII,  on  TlIK  WTIITE   SKY. 

(Painted  June,  1843.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  I'rairie  IJand  of  Pntowatoniios,  rcsitlini;  near 
Council  Bluffs.  This  chief  is  a  bold  and  sagacious  warrior,  but  pos- 
sesses no  merit  as  an  orator;  his  will  is  submitted  to  his  people 
through  his  speaker,  a  man  possessed  of  great  powers  of  oratory. 

Many  of  his  war  exploits  arc  of  a  thrilling  and  exciting  nature ; 
but  tlie  want  of  room  compels  us  to  restrict  ourselves  to  one  or  two 
instances  only  of  his  firmness  and  bold  daring. 

Some  years  since,  a  war-party  of  Osages  vis.tcd  their  country  and 
made  an  uncxi>eeted  attack  upon  them,  killing  many  of  their  war- 
riors and  escaping  with  their  scalps.  Immediate  retaliation  was  out 
of  the  question.  Years  passed  away,  during  which  time  many  of  his 
peoj)le  died  with  the  pniall-pox  and  intemperate  use  of  whiskey, 
thereby  reducing  his  warriors  to  a  mere  handful.  Notwithstanding 
this  dire  calamity,  Wabonseh  still  cherished  that  spirit  of  revenge 
so  dear  to  an  Indian's  heart,  and  determined  to  avenge  the  death  of 
his  people. 

lie  accordingly  collected  a  small  party,  visited  the  Osage  country, 
and  made  a  descent  upon  one  of  their  villages,  which  contained  triple 
their  own  luunber  of  warriors.  Nothing  daunted,  he  determined  to 
make  an  attack.  They  consequently  secreted  themselves  in  the 
neighbourhood,  and  waited  the  apjiroach  of  night.  It  Avas  dark  and 
cloudy,  and  well  suited  to  their  jiurposes.  A  sp}'  was  despatched  to 
learn  the  position  of  their  enemies,  with  orders  to  return  to  camp 
when  the  Osages  were  slumbering.  About  midnight  he  made  his 
appearaiu'c,  bringing  the  intelligence  that  all  was  quiet.  Wu-bon-sili 
and  his  party  made  their  way  to  the  village,  crept  ujiou  the  var- 
rioi's  who  lay  sleeping  around  tlu>  embers  of  their  camp-fires,  uncon- 
.scious  of  the  fate  that  awaited  them.  At  a  signal  from  the  chief  the 
work  of  death  commenced  ;  those  who  escaped  this  fat(>  were  armix'd 
by  the  n(jise,  and  fled  in  terror. 

Wa-bon-seh,  having  been  successful  in  procuring  the  scalps  of  seve- 
ral of  their  warriors,  did  not  pursue  them,  but  set  lire  to  their  lodges, 
and  made  good  his  retreat.  At  sunrise  they  were  far  on  their  way 
towards  their  homes. 

Tiiis  man  was  in  attendance  at  the  great  international  council  held 
at  Tah-le-quah,  iii  the  Cherokee  nation,  during  the  nuinth  of  June, 


■'X-  ,^ 

m 


¥' 
»/ 


i  M 


t  G 


•  m 


ii'^i. 


28 


rOTOWATOMIES. 


•1 


It 

i 


1843.  Shortly  after  liis  arrival  he  entered  the  camp  of  his  old  ene- 
mies, the  Osages.  The  old  chief,  ]JIack  Dog,  and  some  six  of  his 
warriors  were  seated  upon  the  ground,  busily  engaged  in  mending 
their  moccasins,  and  did  not  for  some  time  perceive  him.  After  main- 
taining silence  for  some  time,  and  gazing  upon  the  timeworn  visage 
of  the  Osage  chief,  he  asked  him,  thi'ongh  the  interpreter,  if  he  recol- 
lected the  facts  above  alluded  to.  Black  Dog  replied,  that  he  re- 
membered the  circumstance  well;  he  then  told  him  that  he  was  the 
warrior  who  led  the  party  upon  that  occasion.  Bhick  Dog  and  \\\!i 
party  immediately  sprang  to  their  foet,  and  each  in  his  turn  shook 
the  venerable  chief  by  the  hand,  and  assured  him  that  hereafter  they 
would  be  firm  and  lasting  friends.  The  pipe  of  peace  was  then  lit, 
and  they  sat  down  to  enjoy  a  friendly  smoke. 

This  little  circumstance  tends  to  show  the  friendly  feeling  that 
existed  among  the  several  tribes  assembled  upon  that  occasion. 

"  In  181:2,  he  and  his  tribe  were  among  the  allies  of  Great  Britain, 
and  actively  engaged  against  the  United  States.  But  at  the  treaty 
held  at  Greeuvillo,  in  1814,  ho  was  one  of  those,  who,  in  the  Indian 
phrase,  took  the  seventeen  fires  by  the  hand  and  buried  the  toma- 
hawk, lie  has  ever  since  been  an  undeviating  friend  of  the  Ameri- 
can government  and  people. 

"  He  was  one  of  the  chiefs  who  negotiated  the  treaty  of  the  "Wa- 
bash in  1836.  At  the  close  of  the  treaty,  and  while  encamped  on 
the  bank  of  the  river  near  the  spot  where  the  town  of  Huntingdon 
now  stands,  he  engaged  in  a  frolic,  and  indulged  too  freely  in  ardent 
spirits.  A  mad  scene  ensued,  such  as  usually  attends  a  savage  revel, 
in  the  course  of  which,  a  wanior  who  had  the  station  of  friend  or  ait 
to  "Wa-bon-sch,  accidentally  plunged  his  knife  deep  in  the  side  of  the 
chief.  The  wound  was  dangerous,  and  confined  him  all  winter;  but 
Gen.  Tipton,  then  agent  of  our  government  in  that  quarter,  having 
kindly  attended  to  liim,  ho  was  carefully  nursed,  and  survived.  His 
sometime  friend,  fearing  that  he  might  be  considered  as  having  for- 
feited thiif  character,  had  fled  as  soon  as  he  was  sober  enough  to  bo 
conscious  of  his  own  unlucky  agency  in  the  tragic  scene. 

"  Early  in  the  spring.  Gen.  Tipton  was  surprised  by  a  visit  from 
Wa-bon-sch,  who  came  to  announce  his  own  recovery,  and  thank  the 
agent  for  his  kindness.  The  latter  seized  the  occasion  to  effect  a  re- 
001  ciliation  between  the  chief  and  his  fugitive  friend,  urging  upon 
tho  former  the  accidental  nature  of  the  injury,  and  the  sorrow  and 
aLrm  of  the  offender.    Wa-bon-sch  replied  instantly,  *  You  may  send 


* 


STOCKBUIDGES. 


29 


to  liiin  iuul  toll  liim  to  coiuc  back — a  man  that  will  run  off  like  a  do" 
with  his  tail  down,  for  fear  of  death,  is  not  worth  killing.  I  will  not 
hurt  him.'     Wc  are  pleased  to  say  ho  kept  his  word." — McKinwij. 


U  ■  .  ■  <  ; 


36. 

OP-TE-GEE-ZIIEEK,  or  HALF-DAY. 

(Piiintfil  June,  lSi:i.) 
Principal  Speaker  and  Counsellor  of  the  I'otowatomics.  This  man 
is  justly  celebrated  fur  his  powers  of  oratory.  IJy  his  dignity  of 
manner,  and  the  soft  and  silvery  tones  of  his  voice,  he  succeeds  ad- 
mirably in  gaining  the  nmst  profound  attention  of  all  within  hearing. 
At  the  council  which  he  attended  in  the  Cherokee  nation  he  attracted 
universal  attention,  both  from  his  eloquence  and  the  singularity  of 
his  dress,  the  style  of  which  he  probably  obtained  from  the  Catholic 
missionaries  residing  upon  the  frontier. 


h.      ■ 


i  Q 


♦v 


'ji^: 


3Tf. 

NA-SWA-GA,  OR  THE   FEATHERED   ARROW. 

(I'liintoa  i8i:i.) 
Principal  Chief  of  a  band  of  Potowatomies,  residing  on  the  waters 
of  Little  Osage  River  j  he  is  distinguished  as  u  bold  warrior. 


II 


STOCKBRIDGES. 


38. 

THOMAS  HEXDllICK. 

(Piiinted  1843.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Stockbridges.  Of  this  tribe  but  few  are 
living,  ami  they  have  united  themselves  with  the  Delawares,  with 
whom  they  cultivate  the  soil  in  common.  This  man  speaks  good 
I'lnglish,  and  is  very  affable  in  his  manners. 


if 


f 


^^. 


30 


MUNSEES.-  0TTAWA3. 


m 

S«,'.- 

:l 

it 


MUNSEES. 


f:» 


39. 

JIM  GRAY. 

{Piiintcd  1813.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  IMunsces,  a  small  tribe  residing  with  the 
Pelawares. 


SAUSII-Bl 


■li 


OTTAWAS. 


40. 

SIIAB-A-XEE. 

{ruiiited  18i;i.) 

An  Ottawa  Chief.  This  man  is  well  known  thmuirhout  the  north- 
ern part  of  Michigan  and  lllinoi.s,  his  pe(H)lc  having  formerly  oeen- 
jiicd  and  owned  the  soil  in  that  region.  During  tiie  late  war  lie  was 
one  of  the  most  prominent  actors,  and  one  of  Tecuuisoh's  counsellors 
and  aides-de-camp.  He  says  he  was  near  Tecumseh  when  he  fell, 
and  represents  him  as  having  been  stabbed  thmugh  the  body  with 
a  bayiinet,  by  a  s(ddier  :  he  seized  the  gun  with  his  left  hand,  raised 
his  tomahawk,  ami  was  about  to  despatch  him,  when  an  oflieer,  wear- 
ing a  chiipcnu  and  riding  a,  white  horse,  approached  him,  drew  a 
pi.stol  from  his  liolHtcr,  and  shot  him.  He  and  the  reiriilni-.-g  few  of 
his  people  reside  with  the  Potowatomies,  near  Council  iJluiFs,  on  the 
Missdur- 


A  Delaware 


A  Delaware 


CIIirPEWAS— DELAWARES. 


CHIPPEWAS. 


81 


41. 


SAUSII-BUX-CUM,  OR  BEAVEll  DRAGGING  A  LIMB. 

(Painted  1843.) 

A  CiiirrEWA  Chief.  This  man  is  chief  of  a  small  band  of  Cliip- 
powas,  residing  in  tlie  Potowatoniio  country;  these  are  more  advanced 
in  civili^.ation  than  those  living  on  the  Northern  Lakes;  they  are  not 
unlike  the  Potowatomies  iu  their  nuinuers  and  customs. 


I; ,:  ■ 


i  B 


«i   ':. 


t:  .. 


DELAWARES. 


'f  w 


i-'ij  1  I 


The  history  of  this  once  powerful  tribe  is  recorded  in  the  early 
scttlcinonts  of  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Ohio,  Indiana, 
and  Illinois.  There  is  perhaps  no  tribe  who  have  been  more  en- 
croached upon  by  the  whites,  or  who  have  more  manfully  resisted 
civilized  invasion,  as  they  have  been  forced  from  the  graves  and  hunt- 
ing-grounds of  their  forefathers,  than  the  Dclawares.  They  now 
occupy  a  small  tract  of  country  west  of  the  Missouri  river,  and  sub- 
sist by  cultivation. 

43. 

CAPT.  KETCIIUM. 

(Puiiitod  1813.) 


A  Delaware  Chief. 


43. 

SECOND  EYE. 

(I'aiuted  1843.) 


A  Delaware  Chief. 


If 


« 


M 


-A 

'■J")!       -li  '■';''l 


1! 


'■s 


82 


!■• 


I 


i 


r.  - 


DELAW.VRES. 


44. 


rvO-KA-XOO-WIIA,  THE  LONG  TIlAVELLKIl. 

(Piiintcil  ISIU.) 

Commonly  culled  Jim  Socoud  Eye,  Head  War-Chief  of  the  Dohi- 
■\varcs. 

Some  years  since,  a  small  band  of  Pdawares,  while  on  a  huntinji; 
and  tnipping  expedition  on  the  Upper  Missouri,  were  surprised  liy  a 
large  party  of  Sioux,  who  fell  upon  them  and  murdered  all  liut  one 
of  the  party,  who  succeeded  in  making  good  his  escape  and  returned 
to  his  people.  Second  Eye  immediately  started  with  a  small  furee 
to  avenge  the  death  of  his  warriors;  after  travelling  several  wei>ks, 
they  fell  in  with  the  identical  party  who  committed  tlie  depredation. 
The  Sioux,  anticipating  an  attack,  retreated  to  a  deep  ravine  in 
the  mountains  in  order  to  defend  themselves  more  iidvantageously. 
Second  Eye,  perceiving  the  many  disadvantages  under  wiiich  hi! 
laboured,  but  having  an  indomitable  spirit,  determined  to  surmount 
all  obstacles,  and  obtain  that  vengeance  which  the  death  of  Ids 
warriors  loudly  called  for.  lie  waited  until  all  was  quiet  witidn  the 
ravine,  raised  the  war-whoop,  rushed  madly  upon  them,  and  mas- 
sacred the  whole  party;  he  having  with  his  own  hands  cut  oil'  the 
heads  of  sixteen  Sioux,  which  he  threw  to  his  warriors  to  .stalp. 

lie  speaks  some  English,  and  is  frequently  employed  by  the  United 
States  and  Texas  as  a  "runner"  to  the  wild  Indians,  with  wiiom  he 
carries  on  a  very  successful  trade.  He  derives  his  name  of  Long 
Traveller  from  the  fact  that  he  has  crossed  the  mountains  to  Oregon, 
and  has  visited  Santa  Fe,  California,  and  the  Navahoc  Village. 


45. 

AII-LEN-I-WEES. 

(Painted  181,3.) 
A  Delaware  Warrior  of  distinction  in  his  tribe. 


46. 

CAPT.  MeCALLAII. 

(Painted  1843.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Texan  Delawares.  This  man  is  very  influ- 
ential among  his  people ;  he  also  exerts  a  great  influence  over  the 
wild  Indians,  and  his  presence  is  considered  indispensable  at  all 


DELAWARES. 


83 


councils  convened  either  by  the  United  States  or  Texas,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  negotiating  treaties. 


1. 


ii 


4T. 

PA-CON-DA-LIN-QUA-INU,  or  ROASTING  EARS. 

(PiiintcMl  IS  13.) 

Second  or  Assistant  Chief  of  the  Texan  Delawares,  and  l*riucii)al 
Orator  and  Councillor. 

The  fullowing  is  the  intcr))reta(ion  of  a  speech  he  made  at  a  coun- 
cil on  the  river  Brasos,  called  }iy  the  governuieut  of  Texas,  and  to 
which  council  Gov.  P.  M.  liutler  was  sunt  as  coniuiissioner  on  the 
part  uf  the  United  States,  to  assist  the  Texan  coniuiissioners  in  mak- 
ing a  treaty  with  the  wild  Indians  : — 

"FiiiKNU.s:  I  am  much  pleased  to  meet  you  hero  at  this  hour 
of  the  morning. 

"  Dear  Brothers  :  I  am  rejoiced  to  see  the  course  you  are  jpursuing 
in  this  business.  I  am  likewise  much  pleased  to  hear  that  which 
you  have  spoken.  Understanding  that  you  were  about  to  enter  into 
this  business,  and  having  the  welfare  of  my  peojile  at  heart,  I  now 
appear  before  you.  I  wish  you,  my  iViends,  to  endeavour  to  make 
peace  with  our  red  brothers';  and  1  pledge  myself  to  aid  and  assist 
you  all  in  my  power.  It  will  be  very  well  that  you  imidicitly  obey 
the  orders  of  your  chief.  I  do  not  wish  you,  my  friends,  to  notice 
things  of  little  importance,  but  to  turn  your  attention  to  things  which 
deserve  it,  and  I  will  act  in  the  same  manner.  The  Cueat  Spirit  is 
now  looking  down  upon  us,  and  will  mark  whether  we  are  now  tell- 
ing the  truth ;  and  if  he  find  we  do,  he  will  cause  the  peace  wo  are 
about  to  make  to  be  religiously  kept. 

"  My  Friends  :  I  wish  to  go  hand  in  hand  with  you.  The  treaty 
must  afieet  alike  both  men  and  women  ;  and  I  also  tell  you,  that  y(m 
must  prevent  your  young  men  from  committing  depredations  on  my 
red  brothers,  and  I  will  do  the  same  with  mine. 

"Gov.  Butler  has  been  sent  here  by  our  great  and  mutual  father, 

the  President  of  the  United  States,  to  witness  the  treaty  we  are  about 

to  enter  into.     Let  this  not  be  children's  play,  but  as  men  who  are 

determined  on  entering  into  the  firm  bonds  of  friendship  and  peace. 

For  the  present  I  have  but  little  to  say,  but  what  I  have  spoken  is 

true,  and  it  came  from   my  heart.      "While  I  stand  in  the  midst  of 

this  assemblage,  I  am  at  a  loss  for  words  to  express  my  ideas.     I'ou 

will  therefore  excuse  mc  for  the  present." 

3 


1. ..        '  ; 

Ip  i 

Jfe: 

J  G     • 

w 

'■'"        ,". 

m 

,'Mm 

■   "1 1    ■" ' 

¥l.- 

1^?! 


m 


§1 
1$ 

■;;V.'-r 

W- 


\-\t 


•(' 


.J.;., 


«l««i 
i*%j« 


H4 


WEEAIIS.— SFMWNEES. 


h.  i  I 


WEE  All  S. 


48. 
WAII-rOXO-GA,  on  Till':   SWAN. 

(I'liintoU  ISi;!.) 

PniNClPAI,  Chief  of  the  Woealis.  Once  a  powerful  tribe,  hut  imw 
reduced  to  the  8inall  lumiler  of  two  hundred  warriors.  They  t'ur- 
inerly  resided  in  Indiaiia,  and  are  at  jire.scnt  located  with  the  I'ianke- 
shaws,  about  forty  miles  south  of  Fort  Lcaveuworth,  on  the  r^Iissouri. 


PAII-Ql 

A  pon  of  Tecum 
eharaeter  for  whiel 
iu  his  tribe;  he  wi 


fit 

m 


l^'-M 


ml 


SIIAWNEES. 


Mf* 


4 


The  history  of  this  once  powerful  tribe  is  so  closely  connceted 
with  that  of  the  United  States  in  the  revolutionary  and  last  war, 
that  it  is  pretty  well  understood.  They  formerly  oecujiied  the  states 
of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  and  for  many  years  past  u  part  of 
the  states  of  Indiana  and  Ohio. 

They  now  occupy  a  rich  tract  of  country  west  of  flie  Missouri 
River,  enjoying  all  the  comforts  of  a  civilized  life. 

49. 

QUAII-GOM-MEE. 

(I'liintocl  1813.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Shawnees. 

50. 

SIIAC-EE-SIIl)-MOO. 

(Painted  181.3.) 

An  hereditary  Shawnee  Chief. 


"The  former  i 
Lawrence,  where 
they  carried  on  a 
west,  they  becauK 
farther  and  fartlie 
temporary  resting 

"  Here  they  wc 
been  so  reduced  b 
peparate  people, 
quently  removed 
the  choicest  bcai 
picturesque,  a  ser 
ardent  love  of  cm 
we  find  no  such 
character  half  a 
savages  as  little  i 
chcs — or  other  of 

"In  early  life 


SACS   AND  FOXES. 


85 


Al. 

rAII-QUE-SAII-Air,  OK  LITTLK  TECUMSKII. 

(Piilntcd  ISi;'..) 

A  Bon  of  Tccumsch.  lie  has  none  of  the  extraordinary  traits  of 
character  fur  which  his  sire  was  ceh'Iiratcd,  and  is  of  very  little  note 
iu  his  tribe;  he  was  in  the  battle  iu  which  his  father  fell. 


J  L' 


SACS   AND   FOXES. 


5*1. 

KEOKUK.— IIKAI)   CHIEF. 

(Puintc'il  Miiy,  IS  10.) 

"TilK  former  residence  of  the  Sacs  was  on  the  banks  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  where  they  were  driven  by  the  Six  Nations,  with  wlmnj 
they  carried  on  a  long  and  bloody  war.  As  they  retired  toward  the 
west,  they  became  embroiled  with  the  Wyandots,  and  were  driven 
farther  and  farther  along  the  shores  of  the  lakes,  until  they  found  a 
temporary  resting-place  at  Green  Hay. 

"  Here  they  were  joined  by  the  iMiisqiiakees,  (Foxes,)  who,  having 
been  so  reduced  by  war  as  to  be  unable  to  maintain  themselves  as  a 
peparate  people,  sought  refuge  among  their  kindred.  They  subse- 
fjuently  removed  to  Illinois  on  I'ock  liiver;  where,  surrounded  by 
the  choicest  beauties  of  nature,  it  would  seem  that  a  taste  for  the 
picturesque,  a  sense  of  the  enjoyment  of  home  and  comfort,  and  au 
ardent  love  of  country  would  have  been  implanted  and  fostered,  liut 
we  find  no  such  results — and  the  Sacs  of  Illinois  presented  the  same 
character  half  a  century  ago  which  they  now  exhibit.  They  are 
savages  as  little  ameliorated  by  place  or  circumstance  as  the  Comau- 
ches — or  other  of  the  wild  Prairie  tribes. 

"In  early  life  he  distinguished  himself  by  killing  a  Sioux  warrioi 


. '    's>: 


•••,j 


m 

'■*.&■■=,: 


so 


8 ACS   AND    FOXI'S. 


4 


H> 

hfj 

|: 

Si-j 

ft'' 

v:t 


I    I 


f 


I* 


mm 


will)  ii  sponr,  mulfi"  circuuistmK'i's  wlii<li  rt mlcii'd  tin;  exploit  tuii. 
s|iii'iiitiis — ami  ("or  wliidi  ho  was  fcasfcd. 

"Slinrdy  after  tlii.s  event,  iiiul  wliile  Keokuk  was  yet  too  yoiiii;{  to 
lie  ailiiiitted  to  the  council,  u  ruiiiour  reaelieil  the  villajie  tliat  a  larp! 
lody  of  Aiiioricaii  troops  was  iipproaeliinj;  to  utfuek  it.  So  forniidalilo 
was  tins  cnoiiiy  considered,  that,  altiioujjh  still  distant,  and  tlie  (dijcct 
of  llic  expedition  not  eertaiidy  ascertained,  a  jrreat  panic  was  excitecl 
liy  the  intelligence,  and  the  council,  after  revolving  the  whole  matter, 
decided  upon  abandoning  the  village.  Keokuk,  who  stood  near  tlu! 
entranct!  of  the  council-lodge  awaiting  the  result,  no  sooner  heard  this 
determination  than  he  stepped  forward  and  hegged  to  lie  admitted. 

"'J"he  re(|iiest  was  granted,  lie  asked  permission  t<>  address  Ui,' 
entincil,  which  wa.s  accorded;  and  he  stood  up  for  the  fust  time  to 
fipeak  before  a  public  assenibhigc. 

"  Having  stated  that  ho  had  heard  with  sorrow  the  decision  of  his 
elder  brethren,  he  jirocecded,  with  modesty,  but  with  the  earm  >tne.-is 
of  a  gallant  spirit,  to  deprecate  an  ignominious  flight  before  an  enemy 
t^till  far  distant,  whose  numbers  might  bo  exaggerated,  and  whose 
destination  was  unknown. 

"  lie  poinled  out  the  advantages  of  meeting  the  foe,  liarassing  their 
march,  cutting  them  up  in  detail,  driving  them  back,  if  pos^ible, 
and  tinaliy  of  dying  honourably  in  defence  of  their  homes,  their 
women,  and  their  children,  rather  Ihan  yielding  all  that  was  dear 
and  valuable  without  striking  a  bhiw.  'Make  me  your  leader,'  hi' 
exclaimed,  Met  your  young  men  follow  me,  and  the  pale-faces  shall 
be  driven  back  to  their  towns.  Let  the  old  men  and  the  women,  and 
all  who  are  afraid  to  meet  the  white  man,  stay  here;  but  let  your 
braves  go  to  battle:  I  will  lead  them.*  This  spirited  address  re- 
vived the  drooping  courage  of  the  tribe, — the  recent  decision  was 
reversed,  and  Keokuk  was  appointed  to  lead  the  braves  against  the 
iu»aders. 

"  The  alarm  turned  out  to  be  false ;  and  after  several  days'  march 
it  was  ascertained  that  the  Americans  had  taken  a  diflerent  course. 
]}ut  the  gallantry  and  eloquence  of  Keokuk,  in  changing  the  pusil- 
lanimous policy  at  first  adopted,  his  energy  in  organizing  the  expedi- 
tion, and  the  talent  for  command  discovered  in  the  march,  placed  him 
in  the  first  rank  of  braves  of  the  nation. 

"  The  entire  absence  of  records,  by  which  the  chronology  of  events 
might  be  a.scertained,  renders  it  impossible  to  trace,  in  the  order  of 
their  date,  the  steps  by  which  this  remarkable  man  ruse  to  the  chief 


w^ 


SACS  AND    FOXK.*!. 


87 


|i1ii('(>  (if  his  nalii'ii,  iiml  aciiuintl  a  coiiimiiiiiliiig  ami  (u'riiiaiient  iiiflu- 
ciii'o  ovor  Iii«  jK'opIe. 

"  Ko(»I(uk  is  in  all  rcspoct.s  ii  iiiaj^nilicftit  Havnj^c.  lluM,  i'titir- 
prisin^,  and  impulsive,  ho  i.s  iiIno  politir,  ami  pohmchhph  ait  iiitinnttn 
l<iir)wl((I;,'()  (if  Inn  i;ni  nature,  and  a  taet  whieh  tiialdes  him  to  Inin;^ 
the  res(iuree»  of  hi.s  mind  into  pmmpt  (ipcratidii.  His  t;dents  as  ii 
military  chief  and  civil  inlor  arc  evident  fnmi  the  di>eiplino  whieh 
exists  among  his  people. 

"This  portrait  was  painted  in  the  spring  of  IS  10,  on  the  Kansas 
Hiver,  where  he,  with  iiis  jieople,  were  temporarily  residinj^  after 
their  removal  from  the  Desmoiiies  lliver. 

"  Ho  said  ho  luul  heen  painted  before,  when  he  was  a  young  nnin, 
and  they  had  ropreseiite(l  him  as  a  war-ehief,  hut  that  he  was  now  au 
old  man,  and  wished  to  he  painted  with  his  peaee-pipe." — MrKliim  ij. 


m 


i  I] 


53. 

SAC   CIIIKF,  AXI)  roX   IJUAVE. 
(raialca  May,  1840.) 


At. 

KEP-PEO-LECK,  on  RED  WOLF. 
(Piiintcd  Mny,  1810.) 


•(! 


95. 

SAC  WAR  CHIEF,  IN  WAR  PAINT. 

(Puiiitod  May,  1810.) 

WIFE   AND  DAUGHTER  OF  BLACK   HAWK. 

(Painted  Miiy,  1812.) 


MEDICINE  DANCE  OF   THE  SACS. 
(Painted  Mny,  1810.) 

The  Medicine  Dance  of  the  Sacs  i »  performed  once  every  year,  foi 
the  purpose  of  initiating  the  mystery  or  uicdiciae-uien  into  this  sucrtjd 
custom  of  their  tribe. 


38 


SACS  AND    F0XL:S. 


On  this  occasion  tlic  spirits  of  all  who  have  died  through  the  ycnr 
(or  sinuo  tiic  hnldiug  of  tlieir  annual  ceremony)  are  ri'Iimiuished  tij 
the  Great  Spirit;;  and  notwithstanding  months  may  have  clajised  .-iinx' 
death,  tlio  great  principle  of  life,  the  spirit  which  never  dies,  dues 
not  wing  its  Hight  to  the  land  of  the  happy  hunting-grounds  until  it 
is  set  free  by  the  potent  charm  of  the  medicine-man. 

The  names  of  the  deceased  are  called  out,  when  the  father  or  (ulier 
near  relative  stcjts  forward,  and  in  a  loug  speech  relates  tlie  \v;ir  or 
other  exploits  which  distinguished  him  through  life.  The  eiiiefs  ati  I 
relatives  endorse  the  recital  with  hearty  grunts  of  apjirnhalinu,  mul 
the  spirit,  having  been  previously  prepared  with  provisions  for  his 
journey,  is  supposed  to  leave  the  body. 

The  lodge  consecrated  to  these  mystic  rites  is  made  of  ru>h mats, 
stretched  over  pedes  in  the  form  of  an  arch,  and  lifty  feet  in  Icngili. 
Appeuius,  the  chief  physic-maker,  and  his  assistants,  attired  in  tho 
rolx's  (if  their  ofliico,  dance  through  the  lodge,  holding  in  both  hand<, 
in  an  horizontal  position,  a  higiily  driiament.'d  otter-skin  niiilieiiii  • 
pouch.  In  the  dance,  the  otter-skin  is  made  to  imitate  the  animal  i; 
represents,  and  with  its  nose  to  the  ground,  and  carefully  up  tlu- 
sides  of  the  lodge,  as  in  the  act  of  scenting  any  thing  that  may  atlVct 
the  charm  of  his  medicine  or  offend  the  Great  Spirit.  The  eliiit'-i 
seated  in  the  lodge  are  often  obliged  to  move  their  seats,  as  the 
sagacious  animal  continues  to  scent  the  ground  upon  whiih  ihi'y 
sit,  as  if  suspecting  that  sonu^thing  might  be  conc(!aled. 

The  dance  is  eontiiMU'd  in  a  careful  manner  until  the  lodge  is 
thoroughly  examiurd.  Puring  this  part  of  the  ceremony,  tlie  s(in;i\vs, 
gaily  clad  in  embroidered  dresses,  are  arranged  around  tlic  inlci'ii'r 
of  the  lodge,  facing  the  centre,  and  dancing  sideways  in  .-low  ami 
nu'asurcd  step,  in  time  to  the  drum,  which  they  accompany  wiili 
their  voices.  After  the  medicine-men  are  satisfied  with  the  otter's 
sci'nting  of  the  hidge,  they  dejiosit  their  nii'dicine-bags  up  m  the 
grou?id,  and,  apparently  overcome  with  their  efforts,  fall  ]irn.<iiate, 
writhing  as  if  in  great  l)odily  painj  placing  their  hands  on  dllliTent 
parts  of  the  boily,  as  the  pain  shifts  from  limb  to  limb,  until,  over- 
come by  a  severe  tit  of  coughing,  they  vomit  a  white  bean.  \Vi;li 
this  magical  bean  they  perform  wonderful  cures  atnl  all  the  super- 
stitious rites  of  their  profession  on  this  occasion. 

All  the  medicine-men  having  ju'ocured  the  bean  in  like  manner, 
they  take  their  inedicine-bags,  and  with  the  bean  in  the  palm  of  the 
Ijuad  proceed  around  the  lodge,  and  exhibit  it  to  the  chiefs  and  war 


•I 


SACS   AXD    FOXES. 


89 


riors,  wlio  give  evident  signs  of  siitisfaction  by  eniplnitic  gnmts  of 
a]ipr(ib!iti(in.  Tlie  bean  is  then  put  in  the  niedieine-pnucli  and 
held  in  the  manner  before  descri])ed,  and  the  dance  continued  witli 
more  rapidity  and  energy,  the  performers  making  a  low  grumbling 
sound,  in  imitation  of  the  animals  whoso  skins  they  hold.  This  is 
continued  some  minutes  with  a  spirited  step  and  action  of  the  figure, 
when  they  commence  slutoting  the  bean  from  the  medicine-jioueh  at 
the  chiefs  and  braves,  and  sometimes  at  the  mediciue-men  assisting 
in  the  ceremony,  who  immediately  fall,  and  in  writhing  contortions 
of  the  limbs  ami  face  vomit  the  bean,  and  resume  their  seats  or 
places  in  the  dance. 

The  ground  is  .sometimes  covered  witli  prostrate  figures,  uttering 
cries  and  groans  of  pain,  mingling  with  their  wild  chants  and  mono- 
tonous drum,  forming  a  sccuc  as  wild  and  interesting  as  it  was  curi- 
ous and  novel. 

This  part  of  the  ceremony  continued  about  one  hour,  and,  like  all 
their  religious  rites,  Avas  conducted  with  great  solemnity.  The  ground 
around  tht'  lodge  was  crowded  with  visitors  from  three  Sacs  villages, 
and  some  eiglit  hundred  were  witnessing  the  grand  fete. 

At  this  tiuu',  the  guard,  composed  of  some  sixty  of  Keokidv's  prin- 
cipal braves,  dn-ssed  in  their  war-paint,  ami  wearing  all  their  trophies 
of  the  battle  and  chase,  armed  with  spears,  war-clubs,  and  bows,  and 
mounted  on  their  favourite  hor.ses,  painted  and  decorated  with  feathers, 
came  charging  madly  around  the  medicine-lodge,  putting  to  flight 
scores  of  women  and  ehildi'eu. 

The  pr;nei]ial  war-chief  approached  the  mouth  of  the  m'-dicine-lodg,! 
and  related  bis  war  exploits,  tiie  iiumlier  of  scalps  he  had  taken  to 
entitle  him  to  the  honour  of  the  post  he  occupied  as  chief  Itrave  and 
out!  of  the  guards  of  the  medicine-lodge. 

Appcnius,  his  S([uaw,  aud  a  young  warrior,  and  sm-eral  nu'dieiiu>- 
men  of  lessi'r  attaiuments  in  the  luystieal  ritc's,  danced  slowly  arouml, 
with  heads  inclined  towards  the  grouixl,  halting  at  the  end  of  the 
bulge,  speaking  with  great  energy  and  spirit  of  the  virtues  and  hero- 
ism of  the  persons  of  his  town  who  had  died  tlu'  p.ast  year,  and  more 
j)arti(iilarly  of  his  son  (a  yoniig  w:\rrior)  and  daughter,  saying  that 
he  now  yielded  them  to  the  (Jreat  Spirit,  and  wishing  them  a  pleasant 
jiMiruey  on  the  white  path  to  the  happy  hunting-grounds. 

His  wife  and  a  young  brave  were  then  prepared  for  initiation  in 
the  mysteries  of  nu'dieiiu'-lodge.  They  first  spread  down  upon  the 
ground  a  piece  of  broadcloth  and  calico;   the  S(|uaw  and  brave  were 


'i,?'  h. 
i    '  •I'l 

I '   * 


1  G 


'-lit. 


t 


!••. 


,5      :,-"t 


^ 


m 


40 


r.LAriv-FOOT 


then  placed  in  a  Icncoling  posture  on  one  end  of  the.  cloth  to  ;  .  ,.>iv<. 
the  nicdicino.  The  nioilieiue-nien  commence  their  dance  on  tlie  op. 
p(),<ite  end  of  tlie  cloth — slowly  at  first — but  as  they  approach  their 
subjects  they  become  more  energetic,  and  when  within  u  few  feet  of 
them,  they  shoot  them  with  the  magical  bean — they  fall  sensidesH 
and  lifeless.  The  medicine-men  rub  them  with  their  medicine-bairs, 
breathe  in  their  faces,  and  chafe  their  limbs  until  they  are  partially 
restored.  They  are  then  denuded  of  their  clothes,  and  rapped  in  the 
cloth  upon  which  they  knelt,  in  wdiich  they  remain  until  the  bean  is 
vomited  up,  Avhich  is  exhibited  to  the  chiefs.  They  arc  then  dressed 
in  a  new  suit,  and  the  same  scene  again  perf  >rmed  upon  other  sub- 
jects; after  which,  a  general  dance  comes  oft',  in  wdiich  all  take  a 
part.  Then  follows  the  feast.  The  guests  arc  invited  by  the  pre- 
sentation of  a  short  stick,  marked  with  devices.  Heing  a  medicine- 
man, I  had  the  honour  of  participating  in  this  part  of  the  ceremony. 


5$. 

THE   ClIIEFTATXS  GRAVE. 

(Paintfcl  Jan.  1851.) 

A  form  of  burial  practised  by  many  tribes  inhabiting  the  borders 
of  3Iissouri  and  Iowa. 


^ 


BLACK-FOOT. 


59. 

FLIGHT  OF  A   MOUNTAIN  TRAPPER. 

(Piiintoil  lSr,l.J 

The  flight  of  a  Mountain  Trapper  from  a  band  of  IJlack-Foot 
Indians,  constitutes  an  incident  in  the  life  of  Capt.  Joe  Meek,  the 
present  marshal  of  Oregon  Territory.  He  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  and 
early  in  life  enlisted  in  the  service  of  the  American  Fur  C(mipany  as 
a  trapper;  in  which  service  ho  spent  eighteen  years  in  the  llocky 
Mountains. 


el 


OS. AGES. 


41 


Tlii.s  picture  represents  ono  of  the  many  tlirillinpr  inoidont.s  in  liis 
life,  eliaracteristic  of  tlic  trapper  and  pioneer.  Finding  himself  pur- 
sued by  a  hirgc  party,  he  hoped,  by  tiic  aid  of  a  well-bred  American 
horse,  to  escape  a  personal  encounter;  but  the  Indians,  taking  advan- 
tage of  the  brok<>n  country,  soon  overtook  him,  and  were  shoAvcring 
their  arrows  at  him  while  in  full  pursuit,  using  their  hor.ses  as  a 
shield.  Joe,  reserving  his  fire  for  a  favourable  moment,  selected  the 
war-chief  who  was  foremost,  and,  with  well-directed  aim,  hit  both 
horse  and  rider,  which  caused  them  to  abandon  the  pursuit. 

Joe  was  one  of  the  early  pioneer  residents  of  Oregon,  and  one  of 
its  flrst  representatives  under  the  provisional  government. 


■\h  ' 


I 


GO. 

THE   TRArrKll'S  ESCAPE. 

(Piiintoa  1851.) 

Joe  IS  seen  in  the  middle  ground  of  the  picture,  waving  his  gun  in 
exultation  at  his  lucky  escape. 


4 


■'I 


61. 

BLACK-FOOT  IXPIAXS   IX  AIMBUSII,  AWAITING   THE 
APPKOACII  OF   AN   EM  Kill  ANT   PARTY. 

(PaintiMl  1S.02.) 

A  composition  characteristic  of  Indian  warfare. 


liii 


OSAGES. 


r  :,■ 


Thk  territory  of  this  tribe  adjoins  that  of  the  Cherokces. 

They  cultivate  some  corn,  but  depend  mo.^tly  upon  the  chase  for 
subsistence,  and  repel  all  attempts  towards  civilization.  The  influence 
e.xerted  over  their  neighbours,  the  Cherokces  and  Creeks,  by  the  in- 
troduction of  nii.ssionary  and  civilized  arts  among  them,  has  but  little 
weight  with  them. 
20 


42 


OSAGES. 


One  ndmiralilt'  tniit  in  thoir  cliaractcr  is,  however,  wortliv  nf  re 
mark,  viz.  tlieir  avorsiim  to  ardent  spirits.  Such  i.s  fht'ir  aMmr- 
rence  of  the  "  fire-wator,"  as  they  term  it,  that  tlicy  cannot  bo 
induced  to  drink  it.  This  may  he  thought  strange,  but  it  is  never- 
theless true.  It  is  generally  !<upposcd  that  all  Indians  are  passion- 
ately font!  of  it,  those  particularly  who  arc  brought  more  immediately 
into  contact  wilh  the  white;*.  We  note  this  fact  as  an  exception  to 
the  general  rule. 

They  possess  a  great  passion  for  thieving,  which  they  gratify  upon 
every  occasion  ;  and,  like  the  Spartans,  they  deem  it  one  of  the  at- 
tributes of  a  great  man  to  ])ilfer  from  his  neighbour  or  friend  ami 
avoid  detection.  Any  thing  placed  in  their  possession  they  will  take 
the  be.'it  care  of  and  defend  with  their  lives.  When  called  upmi, 
it  will  be  restored ;  but  the  next  instant  they  will  steal  it,  if  they  can 
do  so  without  being  detected. 

Among  the  collection  will  be  found  a  portrait  of  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal chiefs,  and  some  of  his  warriors. 

We  regret  to  say  that  we  have  not  portraits  of  their  women,  but 
shall  endeavour  to  procure  them  at  some  future  period. 


TECIIOXG-TA-SATJA,  or  BLACK  DOG. 

(Painted  ISI.'i.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Osages.  A  man  six  feet  six  inches  in 
height,  and  well  proportioned,  weigliing  some  two  hundred  and  fifty 
pounds,  and  rather  inclined  to  corpulency.  lie  is  blind  of  onf  eye. 
lie  is  celebrated  more  for  his  feats  in  war  than  as  a  eouiiselldr;  liis 
opinions  are,  however,  souglit  in  all  matters  of  importance  appertain- 
ing to  the  welfare  of  his  pcdjilii.  1'lie  name  IJlack  Dug  was  given 
tn  him  fmni  a  circumstance  wliich  happened  some  years  since,  when 
on  a  war  expedition  against  the  romanehcs.  lie,  with  his  party, 
were  alniut  to  surprise  their  camp  on  a  very  dark  ni^lit,  when  a  lilaek 
(log,  by  his  cimtinucMl  barking,  kept  them  at  bay.  After  several  in- 
effectual attempts,  being  rej)elK:d  by  the  dog,  Techong-ta-saba  becatne 
exasperated,  and  fired  an  arrow  at  random,  hitting  liini  in  the  head 
and  causing  instant  death.  ]{y  this  name  he  is  familiarly  known  to 
the  officers  of  the  army  and  white  traders  in  that  section  of  country. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  summer  of  lS4o,  a  party  of  fifteeti  Pawnees 
v/ent  on  a  trading  expedition  among  the  Cumanches  :  having  been 


'^ 


11 


OSAGES. 


48 


prosperous  in  their  enterprise,  and  feeling  tlienisclvcs  secure  from  the 
attack  of  enemies  on  their  route  linmeward,  they  were  imlueed  to 
barter  most  of  their  guns,  ammunition,  and  a  few  of  their  iiorsos,  of 
whicli  the  Comanches  stood  mucli  in  need.  Tliey  then  took  their 
departure  homeward.  At  tlie  Wichefaw  village  they  halted  fur  a  few 
days  to  recruit.  An  Osage,  sojourning  with  the  Wichetaw.^,  weeing 
the  large  amount  of  skins  in  the  pos.^ession  of  the  Pawnees,  and  learn- 
ing their  defenceless  situation,  immediately  mounted  his  horse,  pro- 
ceeded homeward,  and  informed  IJlack  Doy-  of  the  facts.  Knowinsi;  the 
trail  the  Pawnees  would  take  on  their  route,  he  immediately  started 
with  a  war-party  for  the  point  they  were  expected  to  pass,  on  the 
head  waters  of  Canadian  River,  where  they  lay  in  wait  for  them. 
Several  days  elapsed,  during  which  time  they  sent  out  runners  in 
every  direction  to  give  notice  of  the  approach  of  the  Pawnees.  Tluy 
were  at  last  espied,  wending  their  way  leisurely  along,  unconscious 
of  their  cl<»se  proximity  to  their  deadliest  enemies — their  horses 
laden  with  the  fruits  of  months  of  fatigue  and  hardshij),  destined  for 
the  white  trader  in  exchange  for  guns,  ammunition,  and  lilankets. 
The  Osages  were  in  active  preparation  for  the  attack.  They  ,<eeret(d 
themselves  and  awaited  the  approach  of  the  Pawnees,  when  thry 
suddenly  fell  upon  and  massacred  the  whole  part}',  securing  all 
their  peltries,  hor.ses,  &c.  They  departed  for  their  town  in  savage 
exultation  at  the  death  of  their  enemies;  happy  undoubtedly  in  the 
belief  that  they  had  done  their  people  good  service,  and  enriched 
themselves  without  toil. 


i 


1  Q 


■(t 


63. 

SIIU-JIE-CUSS,  on  WOLF. 

(Painted  1813.) 

A  nephew  of  IJlack  Dog,  and  a  warrior  of  distinction  among  his 
people. 

61. 

CROW-SUX-TATI,  ofj  BIG   SOLDIER. 

(Puiiitoil  ]si;i.) 

An  Osage  Chief  and  Brave;  is  about  seventy  years  of  age,  vigor- 
ous and  active,  lie,  together  with  a  number  of  his  tribe,  were  taken 
to  France  some  years  since  by  an  American  citizen  for  the  purpose 
of  giving  exhibitions  of  their  various  dances.     After  having  made  a 


f?l-  . 


'%! 


Hi 


44 


0?  vers. 


large  sum  of  monoy  liy  tlio  operation,  lie  alian<loneil  them,  leaving 
(licni  entirely  destitnto  of  money  and  a  protector.  In  this  sitnation 
they  eontraeteil  disease  ineidental  to  the  eliniate,  and  most  of  them 
died.  La  Fayette,  heing  in  Paris,  found  Cro'v-sun-lah  and  a  woman, 
the  oidy  survivors,  and  took  them  home  with  him,  treated  them  with 
the  utmost  kindness,  and  finally  sent  them  home  to  the  Anieriean 
government,  hy  whom  they  were  again  restored  to  their  peojih'  and 
the  quiet  of  their  native  forest,  lie  wore  a  medal  presented  him  hy 
La  Fayette,  which  he  prizes  ahovc  every  thing  on  earth;  he  often 
spoke  of  him  and  his  kind  treatment. 

lie  was  in  attemlanee  at  the  large  International  Council  held  at 
Tah-le-quah,  in  the  Cherokee  Nation,  during  the  month  of  June, 
184.'),  and  participated  in  the  various  dances  and  amu.scments  witli 
as  much  zest  as  any  of  the  young  warriors.  lie  spent  a  week  with  mo 
the  following  September.      lie  tlied  during  the  summer  of  iN-M. 

<i5. 

NE-QU.\-BA-\A1I. 

(Painted  18l.^.) 
An  Osage  Warrior. 

GG. 

CIIA-PAII-CAir-lIA,  ou  K.\r.LE   lEATIIER. 

(Piiiiitod  IS  I,;.) 

An  Osage  Warrior.  His  head-dress  is  composed  of  the  skin  from 
the  head  of  a  bufl'alo,  .with  the  horus  attached. 


6r 

THE  OSAGE  MIMIC. 

(Piiintoa  ISCi.) 

TIlis  picture  is  painted  from  an  incident  that  took  place  in  my 
studio  at  Tah-le-fjuaii,  in  the  Cherokee  nation,  during  the  session  of 
the  Tnfcrnational  Council,  in  IS II}. 

I  was  often  absent  for  a  siiort  time,  sketching,  and  listening  to 
the  various  speeches  madi!  in  council.  3Iy  door  being  of  rather  a 
rude  construction,  fastened  only  by  a  common  wooden  latch,  all  In- 
dians who  chose  had  fri'e  ingress.  Among  those  Avho  paid  mc  frc- 
queui  visits,  was  an  Osage  boy,  about  seventeen  years  of  age,  by  the 


OSAGKS. 


nntno  of  Wasli-cnt-?a,  iin  hcroditnry  chief,  possosscil  of  an  amiablo  dis- 
position and  iiKjuiiing  niiiRl.  Hu  seemed  <o  observe  every  tiling 
going  on  in  my  studio,  and  would  endeavour  to  imitate  any  thing 
done  by  me.  On  one  oeeasion  I  had  been  absent  for  a  sliort  time, 
and  during  the  interim  he  and  one  of  his  c(uniianions  sauutend  in; 
and  finding  tlu-mselves  alone,  he  coneluded  to  try  his  han<l  at  painting. 
He  assumed  the  palette  and  brushes,  placed  his  subject  in  a  favour- 
able position,  and  had  made  some  few  chalk-marks  upon  the  canvas, 
when  I  entered;  he  immediately  discovered  me,  and,  dropping  the 
palette  and  brushes  and  pointing  to  tlie  canvas,  said  it  was  fir-^l  vc 
very  bad.  I  endeavoured  to  induce  him  to  return  to  his  work,  but 
to  no  purpose. 

lie  expressed  a  great  desire  to  learn  English,  and  would  endeavour 
to  repeat  every  thing  he  heard  spoken,  without  knowing  the  mean- 
ing of  it:  at  every  visit  he  would  ask  me  by  signs  to  count  for  him, 
which  1  would  do,  he  repeating  after  me;  then  he  would  count  in 
Ids  own  language  for  me  to  repeat  after  him  in  like  manner.  At 
the  close  of  the  council,  Mr.  Ross,  Principal  Chief  of  the  Cherokees, 
induced  him  to  remain  with  him  to  learn  the  Kngli>h  language;  he 
however  staid  but  a  short  time  ;  for,  hearing  of  a  skirmish  between 
liis  own  people  and  the  Pawnees,  he  immediately  left  for  his  own 
country,  regretting  that  he  had  lost  so  favourable  au  opportunity  of 
di.'jtiuguishing  himself  as  a  warrior. 


J  U 


i''ii 


AN  OSAGE   SCALP-DANCE. 

(I'liinlo.l  ISIJ.) 

All  tribes  of  wild  Indians  scalp  their  captives,  save  the  women 
and  children,  who  arc  treated  as  slaves,  until  ransomed  by  the  I'nited 
States  Government. 

On  returning  from  the  scene  of  strife,  they  celebrate  their  victories 
by  a  scalp-dance.  The  chiefs  and  warriors,  after  having  painted 
themselves,  each  after  his  own  fancy,  to  give  himself  the  most  hideous 
appearance,  encircle  their  captives,  who  are  all  placed  together. 
Thus  stationed,  at  a  tap  on  their  drums,  they  commence  throwing 
themselves  into  attitudes,  such  as  each  one's  imaiiiuation  suiXijests  as 
the  most  savage,  accompanied  by  yells,  for  the  purpose  of  striking 
terror  into  the  hearts  of  their  captives. 

This  picture  represents  the  scalp-dance  of  the  Osagcs  around  u 


m 


t  1'   ; 


it 


4G 


QUAPAWS.— lOWAS. 


woman  ami  licr  cliild ;  and  a  warrior  in  the  act  of  striking  her  with 
his  club,  his  chief  springing  forward  and  arresting  the  blow  with 
his  spear. 


QUAPAWS. 


h 


r'l.:  ,  , 


69. 

KI-IIIC-CA-TE-DAII,  or  PASSING  CHIEF. 

{ Painted  1813.) 

Prtxcipal  Chief  of  the  Quapaws.  Once  a  very  powerful  and 
warlike  tribe,  but  now  reduced  to  a  small  number;  they  reside  with 
tbe  Senecas.  This  chief  is  represented  by  the  agent  as  being  a  very 
good  man,  and  possesses  the  entire  confidence  of  his  whole  people. 


lOWAS. 


70. 

WO-IIUM-PA,  AN  IOWA  CHIEF,  and  the  ARTIST. 

(Painted  18J.'5.) 

It  was  with  much  difficulty  that  I  indueed  this  chief  to  sit  for  his 
portrait.  I  was  anxious  to  paint  one  of  his  warriors  upon  the  same 
canvas  with  him ;  to  this  he  objected,  saying  that  they  were  no  //'w/, 
and  that  chiefs  only  were  worthy  of  such  a  distinguished  honour; 


wiciir.T.vws. 


47 


ho  insisted  on  boing  piiintcil  in  tlio  act  of  shaking  hands  with  me,  so 
that  wiu'U  the  (Jreat  Father  (tiic  President  of  the  U.S.)  saw  it,  ho 
niiglit  know  that  ho  was  a  friend  of  the  white  man.  IIo  is  a  great 
warrior,  liis  arms  bearing  evideneo  of  this  fact,  having  been  pierced 
with  balls  and  arrows  in  several  places  from  the  hands  of  the  Sioux. 
ITe  was  very  particular  as  to  the  correct  imitation  of  the  painting  on 
his  blanket,  which  is  to  him  the  history  of  his  war  exploits.  The 
hands  represent  the  scalps  taken  from  the  heads  of  his  enemies.  I 
tried  repeatedly  to  got  some  of  his  warriors  to  sit,  but  they  could  not 
be  induced  to  do  it  witiiout  the  consent  of  their  chief.  Such  was 
their  fear  of  him,  that  tiiey  dared  not  outer  my  studio  while  he  was 
present  without  his  iuvitatiou. 


!J* 


<  , 


!if  B  .M 


WICIIETAWS,   oil   PAWNEE   PICTS. 


This  tribe  live  on  the  head-waters  of  lied  River;  are  similar  iu 
their  manners  and  customs  to  the  Wacocs,  Caddoes,  and  Comanchos ; 
they  live  in  villages  and  raise  some  corn,  but  depend  mostly  upon  the 
chase  for  their  subsistence.  They  are  a  small  tribe,  numbering  about 
three  hundred  warriors,  are  extremely  poor,  and  use  the  bow  and 
spear,  having  no  fire-arms  among  them. 


KA-SA-ROO-KA,  or  ItOARIXG   TIIUNDKR. 
(Painted  1812.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Wichetaws  or  Pawnee  Picts.  This  chief, 
together  with  his  brother,  visited  the  Cherokee  Xation  in  the  fall  of 
184*2,  and  remained  until  after  the  close  of  the  International  Council 
in  June,  ISl;}.  During  his  stay  he  spent  his  time  with  John  lloss, 
the  Principal  Chief;  he  spoke  no  English,  and  having  no  interpreter, 
ho  manifested  all  his  wants  by  signs,  lie  was  treated  with  the 
utmost  kindness  and  friendship  by  Mr.  lloss,  to  whom  he  became 
very  much  attached,  lie  is  painted  as  ho  appeared  on  the  morning 
after  his  arrival  at  Fort  Gibsou  from  the  prairies. 


t : 


i'r  m 


m 


48 


CADDOES. 


la. 


NASII-TAW,  oil  TlIK   J'ALXTEU. 

(I'liiiitod  IS  12.) 

Socond  Chief  of  the  Wich  itaws  or  Pawnee  Picts,  and  a  brother  of 
Kd-sa-rooka. 


M 


m 


13. 

RIT-SA-AIMIESCAT,  on  TIIK  WO.MAX  OF   THE   HUNT,  and 
BRACKS   OK   15A15Y. 

{Piiiutoil  1812.) 

Wife  of  Nashtaw,  a.id  Child.  On  the  arrival  of  tlio  two  eliicfs 
and  this  woniau  at  Fort  Oihsim,  1  took  them  to  my  sUidio  for  the 
purpose  of  painting  their  portraits.  They  very  willingly  acceded  to 
uiy  wishes,  and  manifested  by  signs  that  they  wanted  something  to 
cat.  I  accordingly  had  as  much  meat  cooked  as  wo  jld  iippease  ihe 
appetite  of  six  men,  which  they  ate  in  a  short  time,  and  tluM  asked 
for  more.  I  again  procured  about  the  same  quantity,  which,  to  my 
astonishment,  they  al.so  devoured.  It  was  the  first  meat  they  had 
eaten  for  some  five  or  six  days. 

They  remained  one  day  with  uic,  and  then  took  their  departurj 
for  Mr.  lloss's. 


CADDOES. 


The  Caddoes  are  one  of  the  many  small  tribes  residing  on  the 
western  borders  of  Texas. 

14. 

BIN-TAII,  THE  WOUNDED  MAX. 

(Puinted  181.'?.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Caddoes.  He  derived  his  name  from  the  fact 
of  his  having  been  wounded  in  the  breast  by  an  Osage;  he  wears  a 
piece  of  silver  suspended  from  his  nosC;  as  an  ornament. 


SE-IIIA-AII-1 


A  Cad  >o  Warrior. 


11  % 


ANANDAllKOES. 


ta. 


49 


AII-DE-BAII,  on  THE  TALL  MAN 

(Painted  1S13.) 

Second  or  Assistant  Chief  of  the  CaJdoes.     Puiutcd  iu  the  act  ot 


striking  the  drum. 


7«. 

SE-IIIA-AII-DI-yOU,  THE  SINGING   BIRD. 
(Painted  June,  18i;i.) 

"NVifo  of  Ah-do-buh,  scatod  iu  her  tent.     A  view  ou  Tiwoeeany 
('reck,  Texas. 

IT. 

IIA-DOON-COTE-SAIL 
(Painted  1843.) 
A  Cad  o  Warrior. 


tf 


i  \i 


•I  I 


ANANDARKOES. 


JOSE  MAllIA. 

(Painted  1S43.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Anandarkocs.     This  chief  is  known  to  the 
Mexicans  by  the  name  of  Jos6  Maria,  and  to  the  Caddoes  as  lesh 
lie   has  fought  many  battles  witli    tlie  Texans,  and  was   severely 
wounded  iu  the  breast  in  a  skirmish  with  them. 


4 


t 


»,*:'A 


t 


M 


WACOES. 


WACOKS. 


Once  a  powerful  tribe,  living  on  tlio  IJrazos  llivcr,  Texas. 


"it. 


iVl 


■  } 


KA-KA-KATISII,  on  Till':  SHOOTING    S'l'AIl. 

(I'liintctJ  18i;i.) 

Prixcii'AI,  Chief  of  tlu!  Waeoes.  Tliis  man  is  justly  ecK'bratid 
for  bis  powers  of  oratory,  being  probably  one  of  the  greatest  nalur.il 
orators  now  living  among  the  Imlians.  At  the  couneil  lieM  u|)on  tlie 
River  Urazos,  he  was  the  prinei[)al  speaker;  and  by  his  dignity  and 
graec  of  manner  sueeecded  in  gaining  tlie  attention  and  I'espt'ct  of 
these  wild  and  untutored  sous  of  the  forest,  whose  iniplieit  eoulidenee 
he  enjoys. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  speech  made  by  him  on  that  occa- 
sion : — 

"IJiU'TiiKus:  I  am  very  glad  to  hear  that  we  have  all  met  here 
in  fricnilship  to-day.  Amidst  this  assemblago  1  do  not  wish  to  utter 
falsehoods,  and  I  believe  that  my  Texan  friend  has  spoken  nothing 
but  the  truth.  The  soil  I  now  stand  upon  was  onec  mine;  it  is  now 
the  land  of  the  Texans,  and  my  home  is  far  olf  in  the  west.  1  am 
now  here  on  this  soil,  where  in  my  young  days  I  hunfed  the  buttaio 
and  red  deer  in  peace,  and  was  friendly  with  all,  until  tlie  'J'exan 
came  and  drove  me  from  my  native  land.  I  speak  the  truth — I  wish 
for  peaec  that  shall  last  so  long  as  the  sun  rises  and  .sets,  and  the 
rivers  flow.  The  wild-lire  of  war  has  swept  over  the  land,  and  en- 
veloped my  home  and  people  in  smoke;  but  when  I  return  and  tell 
them  what  I  have  heard,  the  smoke  will  be  dissipated,  and  they  tau 
find  their  way  to  the  council-ground  of  our  white  brotlu'rs  of  Te.\as, 
and  combine  to  quench  this  fire  that  heats  our  blood  and  impels  us 
on  to  war.  It  made  my  heart  glad  to  hear  my  Texan  brother  say, 
that  lands  and  countries  would  be  given  the  red  men  for  homes,  and 
that  liberty  should  be  granted  for  the  red  men  to  hunt  the  wild  game 
in  the  forest.  The  chiefs  of  all  tribes  who  dwell  with  me,  and  far 
beyond,  shall  hear  of  the  true  words  you  have  spoken,  and  they  can- 
not fail  to  be  pleased.     I  will  bear  your  words  to  the  north,  this 


NATCIIITOnrKS.— ToworcoxiES. 


61 


<iVont  cnptfiiii  to  tlin  ca.st,  niiil  my  Texan  friend  eun  liear  tlw;  glml 
tiiliii^H  to  the  soutli. 

"  I  liiive  iiDtliiii;,'  else  to  say;  ')nt  I  do  iuiploro  the  fJreat  Sjiirit  to 
bear  witness  tliat  it  is  my  fond  rish  that  war  and  trouble  fur  tver 
cease  butwut'U  us." 


'♦  / 


si 


^ 


i  u 


NATCHITOCHES. 


fe 


HO. 

CIIO-WKK,  oil  TIIH   BOW. 

(PiiinU'il  ISI.'i.) 

I'lUNCll  L  Chief  of  the  Natehitoehe.s.  Tliis  man  had  a  brother 
killed  by  tho  Texans,  somo  four  or  five  years  since,  wiiilc  on  a  hunt- 
ing expedition,  whoso  death  he  afterwards  avenged  by  taking  the 
scalps  of  six  Texaus. 


'■|i 


TOWOCCONIES. 


81. 

KEECIIE-KA-ROOKI,  or  THE   IMAN  WHO  WAS   NAMED  BY 
THE   GREAT   SPIUIT. 

(IVnitod  1844.) 

I'RiNCiP.VTi  Chief  of  the  Towocconies,  and  acknowledged  Chief  of 
the  allied  tribes  of  Texas. 


,*' 


!;.        Al 


52 


KEECIIIES. 


83. 

KO-RAK-KOO-KISS. 

(Piiiiitod  1814.) 

A  Towoccono  Warrior.  This  niiiii  ilistingiiisliod  himself  amonu 
his  people  by  a  daring  attempt  at  stealing  horses,  in  the  nijilil,  tVmn 
Fort  Milan,  on  the  we.tern  frontier  of  Texas.  He  succeeded  in  pass- 
ing the  sentries,  and  had  secured  some  eight  or  ten  horses  to  a  la- 
riat, and  was  making  his  way  to  the  gates  of  the  fort,  when  he  was 
discovered  and  tired  upon.  The  night  being  dark,  the  shots  were  at 
random;  he  was,  however,  severely  wounded  by  two  balls,  received 
two  sabre  wounds  upon  his  arms,  and  luirrowly  escaped  with  his  life. 
lie  is  about  twenty-three  years  of  age,  and  by  this  daring  feat  has 
Nvou  the  uama  aud  standing  of  a  warrior  among  his  people. 


KEECIIIES. 


83. 

KO-RAX-TE-TE-DAII,  on  THE  WOMAN  WHO   CATCHES  THE 

SPOTTED   FAWN. 

(Paintoil  1311.) 

A  Keeciiie  Woman,  wife  of  Ko-rah-koo-kiss. 


84. 

KOT-TAN-TEEK. 

(Puintod  1811.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Keechies. 

85. 

A   BUFFALO   HUNT. 

(Paintea  1845.) 

Ou  the  South-western  Prairies. 


COMAXCIIES. 


53 


COMANCIIES. 


A  rnwKRFUr,  nnd  warlike  tribe,  diviileil  into  twenty  different  bands. 
They  arc  migratory  in  tiioir  habits,  subsisting  upon  buffalo  and  other 
game,  with  wliich  tli-ir  country  abounds. 

86. 

rOO-CIIOX-E-QUAII-EKP,  on  BUFFALO-IIUMP. 
(Pnintcil  IS  1 1.) 

Second  Chief  of  the  llocsli  Band  of  Comanclies,  and  head  war- 
chief  of  all  the  Coniant-hes.  This  chief  was  painted  at  a  council  of 
the  wild  Indians  on  the  head-waters  of  lied  liiver.  The  principal 
chief  was  in  mourning  for  the  loss  of  a  son,  and  was  unable  to 
attend  the  council,  and  sent  this  chief  with  the  following  "  talk  :" — 

roo-chon-e-quah-eep  stated  in  council,  that  he  had  been  sent  in 
by  ]'a-ha-eu-ka,  who  had  spoken  to  iiim  thus: — "It  has  pleased 
the  Great  Spirit  to  visit  me  with  sorrow  and  trouble — I  mourn  the 
loss  of  my  only  boy,  who  met  his  death  in  the  war-path.  I  must  cry 
and  mourn  till  green  grass  grows ;  I  have  burnt  my  lodges,  killed  my 
mules  and  horses,  and  scattered  ashes  on  my  head.  I  can  do  no- 
thing during  the  season  of  my  grief;  but  you,  my  chief,  (addressing 
I*oo-chon-e-(juah-eep,)  I  send  you  afar  off  to  meet  in  council  the  cap- 
tain from  the  white  nations  of  the  east.  You  must  make  peace  with 
all  nations  and  tribes,  for  I  am  sick  of  hearing  the  cry  of  my  people 
mourning  the  loss  of  some  relative  killed  in  battle.  Should  yon  meet 
any  captain  from  Texas,  tell  him  that  we  have  heard  that  tiie  people 
of  Texas  believe  that  wc  still  hidd  many  prisoners  taken  from  their 
country  J  but  such  is  not  the  case,  there  is  but  one,  and  he,  a  young 
man,  has  been  raised  anu^ng  us  from  his  infancy,  and  is  now  absent 
on  a  war-party  against  the  Spaniards.  If  tlu'y  believe  not  this  biate- 
meut,  they  have  permission  to  come  among  us  and  examine  for  them- 
selves; and  they  shall  come  and  go  freely,  safely,  and  unmolested. 
We  have  waned,  waned,  and  waned  beyond  the  memory  of  our  grand- 
sires.  We  now  desire  to  be  at  peace  with  all  mankind.  We  want 
permission  to  travel  among  the  white  settlements  iu  the  cast  *.c  karu 


w. 

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54 


COMANCIIES. 


tbo  white  man's  method  of  phmting  corn,  and  also  to  seek  for  sonio 
of  oui  people  whom  we  have  lost.  I  want  the  chiefs  and  headmoii 
of  all  nations  and  tribes  to  hear  my  talk  and  know  that  it  is  a  good 
one.  I  want  you,  my  chief,  to  make  peace  with  all  nations,  a  pence 
that  will  continue  as  long  as  there  is  ground  for  us  to  walk  upon." 


it: 


ST. 

rO-CIION-NAII-SIIOX-NOC-CO,  OR  THE  EATER  OF  THE  BLACK 

BUFFALO  HEART. 

(rninted  ISlt.) 

One  of  the  principal  warriors  of  the  IToesh  Band,  or  Honey- 
Eaters. 


WIFE  OF  PO-CIIOX-NAIISIION-NOC-CO. 

(Painted  1811.) 


?l; 


§9. 

O-IIAn-AII-WAII-KEE,  THE  YELLOW  PAINT  HUNTER. 

(Paintca  tS41.) 

Head  Chief  of  the  Ta-nahwoe  Band  of  Conianches. 


90. 

NAH-MOO-SU-KAII. 

(Painted  18U.) 
Comanche  Mother  and  Child. 


91. 

A  COMANCHE  DOMESTIC  SCENE. 
(Painted  1«44.) 

A   Sleeping  Warrior.     Landscape    on    the   head- waters   of  lied 
River. 


PUEBLOS. 


55 


.1,1.    4'/, 


A  co:MANcm':  oami]. 

(Piiiiitcd  1811.) 

This  gnme  is  played  exdu.sivcly  by  the  women.  Thoy  hold  in 
their  hand  twelve  sticks  about  .six  inches  in  length,  which  they  drop 
upon  a  rock;  the  sticks  that  fall  across  each  other  are  counted  for 
game  :  one  hundred  such  counts  the  game.  They  become  very 
much  excited,  and  frequently  bet  all  the  dressed  deer-skins  and  bul- 
falo-robes  they  possess. 


J  D 


PUEBLOS. 


m 


Li.-i.niY  of  the  "  Pueblos  of  San  T>iego  de  Tosurjue,"  and  their 
customs — written  by  their  present  chief:  — 

"  ']"he  origin  and  anti(|iiity  of  (he  country  and  of  our  fir.^t  ancestors 
date  many  ages  baik.  We  are  wholly  ignorant  of  the  year  and  the 
time  past  by  which  to  regulate  the  history  correctly,  nor  is  my  ability 
sullicieiit  to  give  information  of  a  nation  so  ancient. 

"Without  doubt,  this  natimi  from  its  beginning  was  called  Tegua. 
It  was  a  rude,  infulel  nation,  without  religion — idolatrous,  and  without 
the  observance  of  any  worship;  but  their  customs  were  extremely 
good  and  agreeable  to  the  inhabitants  of  this  Pueblo. 

"They  were  governed  by  tlio  caciipie  and  a  war  captain,  and  other 
principal  men  of  the  PucIjIo.  Fo  good  were  the  customs  wliicli  they 
themselves  had  chosen  and  established  for  the  common-weal,  and 
which  they  loved  and  embraced  rigorously,  and  with  much  pleasure, 
that  all  were  liapi)y.  'J'heir  crojis  were  in  abundance,  all  their  goods 
in  common,  and  they  were  favoured  by  tiie  Almighty  with  uniou  and 
good  conduct. 

"  They  lived  under  the  rule  of  their  magistrates  and  chiefs 
from  among  themselves,  during  the  lirst  coutjuest.  At  that  time 
they  knew  religion,  and  were  Catholics,  In  a  short  time  the  Spa- 
niards were  driveu  from  the  country  to  their  own  land  by  the  Indians, 


l-lS 


liii 


;;;( 


31; 


.t  '. 


m 


rUEHLOS. 


and  in  a  few  j'oars  came  tlio  second  conquest,  which  remains  perma- 
nent to  this  time. 

"  During  the  preceding  years  they  were  held  in  dislike  by  their 
conquerors.  All  the  Indians  of  the  country  were  under  arms,  and 
despised  and  persecuted  by  the  Spaniards. 

"This  nation  was  so  warlike  that  the  Spaniards  did  not  find  any 
action  conclusive,  till  a  man  of  much  force,  and  possessing  the  endu- 
rance of  a  nation  which  had  passed  through  many  troubles,  appeared 
in  all  the  manliness  and  energy  of  character  that  can  be  imagined. 
The  gentleman  mentioned  was  a  native  of  the  Pueblo  of  San 
Diego  dc  Tesuqne — his  name  is  ])nn  Domingo  Romeo.  This 
great  man  established  a  peace  with  the  Spaniards  for  his  people — a 
peace  wise  and  eternal.  As  to  the  other  Pueblos,  they  again  took 
arms  again.^it  the  Spaniards:  this  Pueblo  was  not  seduced  by  the  other 
Pueblos." 


93. 

JOSE   MARIA  VIGIL  ZUAZO. 

(Painted  1SJ2.) 

94. 

CARLOS  VIGIL,  LX-GOVERXOR  OF   PUEBLO, 

(Painted  lSo2.) 


95. 

JUAN   ANTONIO  VIGIL. 

(Painted  1852.) 

96. 

JOSE   A II A  YE  A. 

(Painted  1852.) 


91. 

JOSE   DOMINGO  IIERURA. 

(Painted  18,02.) 


APACHES. 


57 


APACHES. 


Triis  predatory  tribe  have  no  fixed  home,  but  roam  over  a  birjre 
(<x(('iit  of  mountainous  country  that  dividtw  the  waters  of  the  Del 
Norte  from  tlic  waters  flowing  into  the  Paeific.  Game  is  searce,  and 
they  gain  tlieir  sub.-^istence  by  plundering  the  Si'ttlements  of  SutKU-a, 
Cliiliu;iliu;t,  and  other  ks^sor  towns  in  the  Del  Norte  valley — wlience 
th.'y  supply  themselves  with  large  herds  of  eattle,  and  choice  horses, 
waieh  enable  them  to  retreat  with  rapidity  and  safety. 

9S. 

BLAClv   KXU'E. 

(Painted  ISIO.) 

An  Apache  Chief,  reconnoitring  the  command  of  General  Kearney 
on  his  march  from  Santa  Fe  to  California. 

99. 

VIEW  ON   Tin;   CI  LA   llIVEll. 

(Paiiitoa  1S,-,1.) 

''About  two  miles  from  camp,  our  course  was  traversed  by  a 
seam  of  yellowish-coloured  igneous  rock,  shooting  up  into  irregular 
spires  and  turrets,  one  or  two  thousand  feet  in  heiglit.  It  ran  at 
ri'dit  ancles  to  the  river,  and  extended  to  the  north  and  south,  in 
a  chain  <<['  mountains,  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach. 

"One  (if  these  towers  was  cajijii'il  with  a  substanci~  many  hundred 
feet  thick,  disposed  in  horizontal  strata  of  ditleront  colours,  from  deep 
red  to  liglit  yellow.  I\irtially  disintegrated,  and  lying  at  the  foot 
of  the  chain  of  spires,  was  a  yellowish  calcareous  sandstone,  altered 
by  fire,  in  large  amorphous  masses.  Tn  one  view  could  be  seen  clus- 
tered the  Larrea  Mexicana,  the  Cactus,  (King)  Cactus,  (Chandelier) 
Greenwood  Acacia,  Chamiza,  I'rosopis  Odorata,  and  a  new  variety 
of  Hedge." 

"  For  a  better  description  of  the  Landscape,  sec  the  Sketch  by  Mr. 
Stanley." — Luitt.-Cul.  W.  Emorj/'s  Report  to  the  Scci'ctiiri/  of  War. 
21 


t 


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/^4 

'ill 


^, 


':n 
8li 


^1 


i«'4 

'4 


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I 

■I 


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ft-' 

m 


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m 

mi 


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4' 


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.1,  ^^ 


PIMOS  — MARICOPAS.-SIIASTE. 


1  rl  .<. 


PIMOS. 


The  Piraos  reside  on  the  Gila,  about  ninety  miles  from  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  llio  Colorado,  and  subsist  chiefly  by  agriculture.  They 
manufacture  an  excellent  article  of  blanket  from  cotton,  which  they 
cultivate,  and  which  constitutes  their  only  article  of  dress. 

lOO. 

PIMO  CHIEF. 

(raintcd  IfiB.) 

101. 

PLMO    SQUAW. 
(Pttintcil  1840.) 


;•»:• 


MARICOPAS. 


I*" 
m 

k 


This  tribe  also  resides  on  the  Gila,  to  the  west  of  the  Pimo  villages. 

103. 

MARICOPA  CHIEF  and  INTERPRETER. 

(Puintoa  1840.) 


SIIASTE. 


This  tribe  reside  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  are  of  the 
wildest  of  the  Oregon  Tribes. 

103. 

SIIASTE   SQUAW. 

(Painted  1847.) 

A  slave  to  the  Clackamus  Indians. 


UMPQUAIIS.— KLAMETHS. 


59 


tr- 


UMPQUAIIS. 


This  tribe  reside  '  :lie  .  v  of  the  Unipquah  River,  in  the 
southern  part  of  Oreguu.  Th^..  country  abounds  ii.  ':  o,  upon 
which  they  subsist. 


J  G 


A  young  Warrior. 


104. 

ENAII-TE,  OR  WOLF. 

(Painted  1848.) 


1'!: 


l.',J 


KLAMETIIS. 


:''» 11 


A  lioviNG  band  of  Indians,  subsisting  cliiefly  upon  game.     Their 
country  is  contiguous  to  that  of  the  Unipquahs. 

105. 

TE-TO-KA-NIM. 

(Painted  1848.) 

Klameth  Chief. 


[  ; 


Wife  of  Te-to-ka-nim. 


106. 

ENISII-NIM. 

(Painted  1848.) 


00 


CALLAPOOYAS.— CHINOOKS 


CALLAPOOYAS. 


Tnis  tribe  formerly  resided  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Wilhunette 
valley.  They  are  now  reduced  to  a  few  in  number,  and  have  no 
fixed  home. 

loir. 

YELSTO. 
(Painted  1818.) 

A  Callapooya. 


CIIINOOKS. 


Mt7 


si. 


1* 


if.- 


Tuts  once  powerful  nation  reside  in  the  vicinity  of  Astoria,  Ore- 
gon Territory.  They  are  few  in  number,  and  gain  their  subsistence 
by  fishing. 

108. 

STOMAQUEA. 

(Painted  1848.) 

Principal  chief  of  the  Chiuooks. 

109. 

TEL-AL-LEK. 

(Painted  1818.) 

Chinook  Squaw. 


CLACKAMUS. 


CLACKAMUS. 


01 


This  degraded  remnant  of  a  once  numerous  tribe  reside  on  the 
Claekamus  River,  near  Oregon  Ci*y. 

no. 

QUATYKEN. 

(Painted  1847.) 


111. 

DR.  JOHN  McLaughlin. 

(I'uiuted  1S4S.) 

Former  Chief  Factor  of  the  Hon.  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and 
founder  of  Oregon  City. 

113. 

GOV.  P.  S.  OGDEN. 

(I'liiiitetl  1S4S.) 

Hon.  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  Oregon. 

113. 

OREGON  CITY. 

(Puinted  1848.) 


WILLAMETTE    FALLS    INDIANS. 


111. 

wa-siia-:mus. 

(Piiiiited  1S47.) 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Wilkmettc  Falls  Indians.     This  once 


t         '; 
I 


^i- 


I'l 


t-.J 


:f  ::■ 


f 

"■■h 

-:*■ 

'•IS 

if* 

■I 


f«  !!■: 


G2 


\villa:\iktte  falls  Indians. 


w 


numorous  band  is  now  roducod  to  some  lialf-dozon  lodges,  and  cdn 
lined  to  a  few  barren  acres  of  ground  on  tlic  west  bank  of  the  AA'illa- 
niofto,  where  they  maintain  a  miserable  exidteuco  by  fishing  at  the 
falls  of  that  river. 

Although  reduced  in  circumstances  and  degraded  by  diss-pation, 
Wa-sha-nnis  retains  much  of  that  native  dignity  which  gave  him 
the  ascendency  over  a  brave  band  of  warriors. 

In  the  days  of  his  prosperity  he  made  freqnent  excursions  to  the 
mountain  tribes,  with  whom  he  carried  in\  an  extensive  traffic  in  the 
exchange  of  dried  salmon  for  slaves,  hdrses,  dried  meat,  and  articles 
of  clothing  or  ornament.  On  his  return  from  one  of  these  excur- 
sions, he  was  attacked  by  a  largo  party  of  lloque  Jiiver  Indians,  and 
in  the  skirmish  lost  his  left  eye  by  an  arrow.  In  this  buttle  he  took 
many  scalps,  which  he  presented  to  the  commauiler  of  one  of  Her 
j\Iajesty's  ships,  and  received  in  rjturn  a  naval  officer's  suit,  a  part 
of  which  he  still  retains;  and  when  intoxicated,  ho  may  be  seen  in 
the  mixed  costume  of  an  English  admiral  and  Indian  chief. 

It  is  a  very  cumnion  practice  of  the  iShaste,  Umpqua,  and  Ilcque 
Iliver  Indians,  to  sell  their  children  in  slavery  to  the  tribes  inhabit- 
ing the  banks  of  the  Columbia  River.  During  my  tour  through  the 
Willamette  valley  in  lS-18,  I  met  a  party  of  Tlickitacks  returning 
from  one  of  these  trading  excursions,  having  about  twenty  little  boys, 
whom  they  had  purchased  from  the  Umpcjua  tribe. 

115. 

MAllY  AND  ACIIATA. 

(Painted  1847.) 

Willamette  Falls  Squaws.  This  group  belong  to  the  great  family 
of  Chinooks,  or  Flat-Heads. 


11«. 

WILLAMETTE   FALLS 

(Painted  181S.) 


TiiKY  reside  on  the  Walla-Walla  River,  in  the  northern  part  of 
Oregiin,  and  subsist  chiefly  ui)ou  salmon,  with  which  their  streams 
abound. 


! 


TLICKITACKS.-WALLA-WALLAS. 


03 


TLICKITACKS. 


»' 


IIY. 

CASINO. 

(Piiinlja  1848.) 

This  chief  is  one  of  the  Tlickitaek  Tribe,  and  the  principal  chief 
of  all  the  Indians  inhabiting  the  Columbia  River,  from  Astoria  to 
the  Cascades.  In  the  plenitude  of  his  power  ho  travelled  in  great 
state,  and  was  often  accompanied  by  a  hundred  slaves,  obedient  to 
his  slightest  caprice.  The  bands  over  whom  ho  presided  paid  him 
tribute  on  all  the  furs  and  fish  taken,  as  also  upon  the  increase  of 
their  stock,  to  support  him  in  this  aflliieiice. 

He  WHS  the  petted  chief  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Compcny,  and 
through  him  they  are  undoubtedly  much  indebted  for  the  quiet  as- 
cendancy they  always  maiiitaiiic.l  over  these  tribes. 

It  is  said  that  on  visiting  Fort  Vane  -"uver,  his  slaves  often  carpeted 
the  road,  from  the  landing  to  the  fort,  with  beaver  and  other  fuis,  a 
distance  of  a  ()uarter  of  a  mile  ;  and  that  on  his  return,  the  oflicers  of 
the  Hudson  Ray  Company  would  take  the  furs,  and  carpet  the  same 
distance  with  blankets  and  other  Indian  goods,  as  his  recompense. 
He  is  now  an  old  man,  having  outlived  his  prosperity  and  posterity, 
to  see  a  once  numerous  people  reduced  to  a  few  scattered  lodges, 
which  must  soon  disappear  before  the  rapidly  growing  settlements 
of  the  adventurous  pioneers. 


'A 


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h 


vSlw 


J  B 


t 


^^1 


'•|i 


WALLA-WALLAS. 


i 


1^ 


Gi 


WAM.AWAI.LAS. 


"»: 


i-i. 

IV- 


UK. 

PEO-r£0-MUX-MUX,  on  VKLLOW  SKIIPEXT. 

(Piilutoil  IS  17.) 

Principal  Cliicf  of  tlic  Wiillii-Wiillas,  coinmonly  called  by  tin;  lluij- 
son's  May  Coinpaiiy,  Scrpont  traiiiic. 

Tlicro  arc  many  incidents  of  tlirillin;^  interest  in  this  niiin's  life, 
one  of  wliicii  will  servo  to  .show  iiis  cool,  dotcrnuned  courage. 

In  tlie  year  1841,  his  oldest  and  favourite  son,  of  twenty-two  years, 
Lad  some  diiliculty  with  one  of  tiie  clerks  of  the  Hudson  IJay  Com- 
pany, whicii  terminated  in  a  liand-to-haiid  li;^ht.  The  youn^r  chi<'f 
coming  olVsec(tnd  best,  carried,  witli  the  tale  of  his  inglorious  exploit, 
a  pair  of  black  eyes  to  his  father's  lodge.  The  chief's  dignity  was 
insulted,  ami  the  son's  honour  lost,  utiless  the  ofiic^er  in  charge  of  the 
fort,  Mr.  Archibald  McKinley,  should  have  the  ofTender  puni.-,hed. 

The  old  chief,  at  the  head  of  one  hundred  armed  warriors,  went 
into  the  fort,  and  demanded  the  person  of  the  clerk  for  punishment. 
Mr.  McKinley,  not  having  heard  of  tiie  diiliculty,  was  taken  unite 
by  surprise,  and  after  instituting  in(|iiirics,  he  found  nothing  to  cen- 
sure in  the  conduct  of  the  young  man.  Tliis  decision,  having  been 
made  known  to  the  old  chief,  resulted  in  an  animated  discMs>ion  of 
the  case.  The  Indians  were  not  to  bo  appea.sed,  and  some  of  the 
warriors  attempted  to  seize  the  clerk;  but  being  a  powerful  and  ath- 
letic man,  he  defended  himself  until  Mr.  IMeKinley  gave  iiim  a  pistol, 
reserving  two  for  hiuiself,  and  charging  him  not  to  fire  until  he  should 
give  the  word.  The  crisis  wa.s  now  at  hand — the  war-cry  was  soundcil, 
and  the  savages  had  raised  their  weapons  to  spill  the  white  man's 
blood,  Mr.  McKinley  rushed  into  an  adjoining  room,  and  seizing  a 
keg  of  powder,  placed  it  in  the  centre  of  the  floor,  stood  over  it  with 
flint  and  steel  raised,  and  exclaimed  tliat  they  were  all  brave  men, 
and  would  die  together.  The  result  was  the  immediate  fligiit  of  all 
the  Indians,  save  the  old  chief  and  his  son. 

As  soon  as  the  warriors  had  gained  the  outer  walls  of  the  fort,  the 
gates  were  clo.scd  against  them  J  while  they,  halting  at  a  rcs[)ectful 
distance,  were  in  momentary  expectation  of  seeing  the  fort  blown  to 
atoms. 

I\lr.  ^McKinley  then  quietly  seated  himself  with  the  old  chief  and 
his  sou,  and  amicably  arranged  the  diiliculty. 


1^- 


! 


CAVuaw. 


66 


CAYUSES. 


I      ^ 


TriF,  principal  Hcttlotnciit  df  tliis  nation  U  on  tln^  Iiaiiks  of  a  small 
I'rc'ck  flowing  info  tlio  Walla-Walla  ItiviT,  ulioiit  twenty  miles  iVuni 
itH  fonfluunci'  with  tlio  rolumliia. 

Undur  tho  BuporiMtcndcnco  of  tlic  late  Pr.  Whitman,  ( tlicir  mis- 
sionary,) this  nation  cnltivatiMJ  lar;^t'  liclds  of  corn,  whca  ,  fMitatocs, 
and  otiior  vcgctaMcs,  which,  with  llic  li?h  that  anniiaiiy  visit  the 
streams  watering  their  country,  enabled  them  to  live  in  compariitivo 
affluence. 

They  also  raised  large  stocks  of  cattle  and  horses,  which  they  liar 
tcred  to  the  Hudson's  ]{ay  (^mipany  for  articles  of  l']iirop"an  manu- 
faeturo;  so  that  they  were  not  only  above  want   but  the  wealthiest 
tribe  in  Oregon. 

]lf>. 

TFvLO-KIKT,  ou  CiJAW-FlSli  W'AIdvlNT,    FOIIWAIU). 

Principal  Chief  of  the  Caynses,  and  one  of  the  principal  actors  in 
the  inhuman  butchery  of  Wailetpu.  Was  hung  at  Oregon  City,  J;mio 
8d,  1850. 


J  U 


^! 


i-,i 


•(  • 


I'lO. 

siiu-MA-iiic-ni;,  (.It  i'AixTi:i)  siinrr. 

(Piiintocl  IS  IT.) 

One  of  tho  chief  Cayusc  Eraves,  and  son  of  Te  '  • '  tkt,  and  one  of 
the  active  munlerers  of  the  .Mission  family. 

After  the  massacre,  this  man  was  one  who  took  a  wife  from  the 
captive  females — a  young  and  beautiful  girl  of  fourteen.  In  order 
to  gain  her  quiet  submission  to  his  wi -hi  s,  lie  threatened  to  take  the 
life  of  her  mother  and  younger  sisters.  Thus,  in  the  power  of 
savages,  in  a  new  and  wild  c  .untry,  remote  from  civilization  and  all 
Lope  of  restoration,  she  yielded  ln'rsclf  lo  one  whose  hands  were  yet 
wet  with  the  blood  of  an  elder  brother. 


m 


,*1 


II 


1:^.' 


(j\j 


CAYUSES. 


During  the  negotiations  for  these  captives,  (hy  Chief-factor  Ogdeii,) 
and  subserjuent  to  their  delivery,  this  man  spoke  with  much  feeling 
of  his  attachment  to  his  white  wife,  and  urged  that  she  should  still 
live  with  him.  He  said  he  was  a  great  warrior,  possessed  many 
horses  and  cattle,  and  would  give  them  all  to  her — or  if  she  did  not 
like  to  reside  with  his  people,  he  would  forsake  his  people,  and  make 
the  country  of  her  friends,  the  pale  faces,  his  home. 

131. 

TUM-SUC-KEE. 
Cayuse  Brave.     The  great  ringleader  and  first  instigator  of  the 
Wailetpu  massacre — was  hung  at  Oregon  city,  June  3d,  1850. 

1'2'Z. 

WAIE-C.\T— ONE  THAT  FLIES. 
Cayuse  Brave  and  son  of  Tum-suc-kee.  This  man,  though  young, 
was  an  active  participator  in  the  massacre  of  Dr.  Whitman,  and  com- 
mitted many  atrocities  upon  the  defenceless  captives.  lie  escaped 
the  ignominious  death  which  awaited  those  not  more  guilty  than 
himself. 

123. 

Massacre  of  Dr.  Whitman's  family  at  the  Wailetpu  Mission,  in 
Oregon,  20th  of  November,  1847. 


124. 

Abduction  of  Miss  Bcwley  from  Dr.  Whitman's  mission. 

125. 

CASCADES  OF   THE   COLUMBIA  RIVER. 


126. 

SALMON   FISHERY  ON  THE   HEAD-WATERS  OF  THE 

COLUMBIA. 

121. 

MOUNT  HOOD— (OREGON.) 


m 


NEZ  PERCES.— PELOUSES. 


NEZ   PERCES. 


67 


Tins  tribe  occupies  the  country  on  tlie  head  waters  of  Snake  River. 
TLey  are  numerous  and  warlike. 

TIN-TIN-METZE. 

(Painted  1817.) 

A  Nez  Pcrc^  Chief. 


t^ 


PELOUSES. 


f: 


A  SMAM,  band  occupying  the  vulloy  of  the  Pelouse,  near  its  con- 
fluence with  Snake  Iliver. 

I'i9. 

KEOK-SOES-TEE. 

(Puinteu  1817.) 

A  Pelouse  Bravo. 

i»o. 

VIEW  OX  THE  TELOUSE  RIVER. 

]»1. 

PELOUSE   FALLS. 

This  beautiful  cascade  is  situated  about  nine  miles  from  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Pelouse  with  Snake  River,  and  is  estimated  at  three 
hundred  feet  in  heiglit.  According  to  an  old  tradition,  the  Great 
Spirit  caused  this  barrier  to  rise,  to  prevent  the  salmon  from  passing 
to  a  band  of  Indians  living  ou  its  head-waters,  with  whom  he  was 
displeased. 


I        '■■'' 


■1' 


'',! 


'•i 


68 


PELOUSi;S.— Sl'UKAXES. 


13'2. 

VIEW   IX  THE   CASCADE  JIOUNTAINS. 

\m\V  ox  THE  COLL^HJIA. 

i:ti. 

VIEW  ox  THE  COLCMIHA. 

135. 

THE   ARTIST  TRAVELLIXC    IX   XOltTHERX  OllEGOX   IX 
THE  MOXTH  OF   l)ECE>nJEU. 

13«. 

VIEW  OF  MOUXT   HOOD. 

13t. 

CASCADES  OF  THE   COLIMIHA. 

13^. 

THE   GREAT   ]>AEEES  15ASIX,   AXD  VIEW  OF 
MOLXT   HOOD. 


SPOKANES. 


Kkstdk  on  the  Ppokano  lliver,  imd  occupy  the  country  on  the 
Cohinibiii  Itivor  as  higli  as  the  49"  of  latitude. 

They  Mib.-sist  chiefly  on  sulmon,  which  are  cauglit  in  great  almn- 
dancc  during  the  C.^hing  season,  and  dried  for  winter  consumption. 
Owing  to  a  scarcity  of  game,  and  tlieir  improvidence,  they  are  fre- 
quently reduced  to  great  want,  and  exist  for  months  on  moss  and 
roots.  Small  parties  join  the  Flat  Heads,  and  the  CiKur-de-LionB, 
(who  occupy  the  adjacent  territory,)  in  their  bufl'alo-hunts  on  the  .lido 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 


■I 


SPOKANKS. 


139. 


69 


SE-LDl-COOM-CLU-LOCK,  or  HAVEN  CHIEF. 

(Painted  1817.) 

rotnmonly  called  Fgly  Head.  Principal  Cliicf  of  the  Ppokanos, 
or  Flat-l[oails,  residing  nu  the  waters  of  tlie  8pokaiie  llivcr.  Wiien 
about  to  eonimeiice  the  painting  of  tins  portrait,  the  old  chief  made  a 
sign  for  nie  to  stop,  as  he  wished  to  give  nic  a  talk.  lie  spoke  near 
an  hour,  and  said  that  his  peoj)lo  had  always  been  friendly  with  the 
whites— tliat  some  of  the  first  "  [(dh/  Icii!v<;a'  that  came  to  his  country 
had  taken  wives  from  among  his  women,  and  had  lived  among  them 
— they  were  his  brothers — he  had  adopted  the  white  man's  religion, 
and  had  used  his  influence  to  promote  Christianity  among  his  people. 
Shortly  after  the  butchery  at  the  Wailetpu  Mission,  a  rumour  reached 
the  Sjiokaiies  that  the  ('abuses  were  coming  to  murder  the  families  of 
Messrs.  Walker  at.d  Eels,  missionaries  located  among  them  at  Tishi- 
niakino.  The  old  chief  collected  his  pcojile,  and  with  their  lodges 
surrounded  the  mission,  declaring  the  Cayuses  should  first  murder 
them.  In  the  mean  time,  Messrs.  Walker  and  Eels  prepared  them- 
selves, by  barricading  their  houses,  to  resist  the  fate  of  their  co- 
labourers  to  the  last  extremity.  At  this  exciting  moment,  a  report 
reached  the  Spokanes,  that  a  number  of  their  people  residing  in  the 
Willamette  valley  had  been  killed  by  the  Americans,  in  retaliation 
fir  the  Wailetpu  massacre.  The  young  warriors  collected  fir  the  juir- 
pose  of  protecting  Messrs.  Walker  and  Eels  from  the  hands  of  the 
murderous  Cayuses,  now  becanio  jlamorous,  and  were  with  great  diffi- 
culty restrained  from  spilling  their  blood  themselves.  The  old  chief 
told  them  the  rumour  might  be  false;  and,  by  his  influence  and  good 
sense,  the  lives  of  these  pious  labourers  in  the  cause  of  Christianity 
were  spared. 

Messrs.  Walker  and  Eels  were  subsequently  taken  from  the  mission 
to  Fort  Colvillo  by  the  old  chief,  fearing  the  responsibility  of  protect- 
ing them  from  the  Cayuses  and  his  own  impetuous  warriors,  if  the 
rumoured  death  of  their  friends  in  the  Willamette  should  prove  true. 
After  remaining  some  weeks  at  Fort  Colvillo,  they  were  taken  by  a 
company  of  Oregon  volunteers  to  the  settlements,  where  they  still 
reside. 


I 


■V?.' 


J  3 


S:"-; 

!?'li  ! 


i-'t-  ia 


I 


70 


SPOKANES. 


140. 

KWIT-TEAL-CO-KOO-SUxM. 

(Painted  1847.) 

Big  Star  Chief,  a  IMcdicine-nian  of  the  Spokancs.  Whenever  a 
person  is  sick,  this  tribe  suppose  that  the  spirit  has  left  the  body, 
and  hovers  invisibly  in  the  aiv,  until  it  can  be  charmed  or  brought 
back  through  the  agency  of  the  niedicinc-man.  To  accomplish  tliis 
end,  the  patient  is  placed  in  a  sitting  posture,  enveloped  in  a  buffalo- 
robe,  or  other  covering,  having  only  the  top  of  the  head  exposed. 

The  modicine-nian  then  commences  dancing  and  singing  around 
the  patient,  gesticulating  mysteriously,  and  often  clutching  in  the  air 
with  his  hands,  as  if  in  ^ho  act  of  catching  something.  The  spirit  is 
supposed  to  be  attracted  by  the  chant,  and  to  hover  near  the  aper- 
ture at  the  top  of  the  lodge;  and  the  dance  is  often  continued  for  an 
hour  before  it  can  be  caught.  It  is  then  pressed  and  rubbed,  as  the 
medicine-man  pretends,  through  the  patient's  skull,  whose  recovery, 
if  not  soon  effected,  ho  supposes  to  be  thwarted  by  his  having  caught 
the  .spirit  of  some  other  person;  and  it  then  becomes  necessary  to 
undo  his  work  by  setting  it  at  liberty,  and  repeating  the  performance 
until  the  right  spirit  is  caught. 

During  my  stay  among  this  people  much  sickness  prevailed,  and  I 
was  often  kept  awake  all  night  by  the  wild  chant  and  monotonous 
drum. 

This  chief  has  four  wives,  whom  he  supports  in  Indian  affluence 
by  the  successful  practice  of  his  art  of  conjuration,  lie  possesses  a 
countenance  of  great  intelligence,  and  seemed  to  doubt  my  ability  to 
transfer  it  correctly  to  the  canvas.  But  the  picture  proved  to  be 
highly  satisfactory,  and  he  became  my  daily  visitor,  and  acknow- 
ledged mc  to  be  "  big  medicine." 

141. 

KAI-MISII-KON,  OR  MARKED  HEAD. 

Spokane  Chief. 

143. 

KAI-ME-TE-KIN,  or  MARKED  BACK. 
Spokane  Brave. 


STONY   ISLAND   INDIANS. 

143. 

PA-SE-LIX. 


Spokane  Squaw. 


71 


^  \ 


■'/I 


144. 

TIN-TIX-MA-LI-KIX,  or  STRONG   BREAST, 


J   B 


STONY    ISLAND   INDIANS. 


Reside  iu  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Okanagan,  Upper  Columbia  River, 
and  subsist  by  lishing. 


Stony  Island  Brave. 


Stony  Island  Squaw. 


145. 

III-UP-EKAN. 


146. 

LAII-KIES-TUM. 


14Y. 

SO-IIA-PE. 


Stony  Island  Brave. 


•I)J 

1 

i 
4 

'  ''  ! 

>> 

-f-  V 


■I'- 


r 


72 


OKAXAGANS. 


OKANAGANS. 


lis. 

WAii-puxi;. 

CaiKF  of  the  I'riest's  Ilajiid. 

149. 

KO-MAT,-KA\,  on  LOXG    IIATR. 
An  Okanngan  Modii-iuo-nian. 


150. 

SIN-PAU-SOX-TIN. 


Okanagan  Squaw. 


151. 

VIEW  ON    THE   Sl'OKANE   RIVEIl. 


152. 

J.  M.  STANLEY,  THE   AllTIST. 

riiiuted  by  A.  B.  Jlooro.  1851, 


fe 


A 


'*. 


INDEX. 


J  0 


A. 

Page 

Ahatga,  Jos<S,  No.  96 5(5 

Ahdebah,  No.  75 49 

Ahleniwccs,  No.  45 '. 32 

Ahseehee,  No.  18 14 

Allpck  Tustenuggec,  Nos.  2,  4 6 

Alligator,  No.  7 7 

Arkansas  Valley,  No.  31 25 

B. 

Beaver  dragging  a  Limb,  No.  41. ..31 

Big  Soldier,  No.  64 43 

Big  Warrior,  No.  5 7 

Billy  Ilardjo,  No.  16 13 

Bintah,  No.  74 48 

Black  Dog,  No.  62 42 

Black  Feet  in  Ambush,  No.  61 41 

Black  Hawk's  Wife  and  Daughter, 

No.  56 ^.37 

Black  Knife,  No.  98 67 

Bow,  No.  80 61 

Buffalo  Dance,  (Creek,)  No.  12 10 

Buffalo  Hump,  No.  86 53 

Buffalo  Hunt,  (Keechie,)  No.  85.. ..52 


c. 

Caddo  Cove,  No.  30 25 

Carlos  Vigil,  No.  94 56 

Cascade  Mountains,  No.  132 68 

Cascades  of  Columbia  River,  No. 
125 66 


Pogo 

Cascades  of  the  Columbia,  No.  137.. 68 

Casino,  No.  117 63 

Catcher,  No.  24 17 

Chapahcahha,  No.  66 44 

Charles  Mcintosh,  No.  25 17 

Cherokee  Girt,  No.  29 25 

Cherokee  Ladies,  No.  28 25 

Chieftain's  Grave,  No.  58 40 

Chilly  Mcintosh,  No.  17 13 

Chocote  Tustenuggec,  No.  6 7 

Chowee,  No.  80 61 

Clarke,  George  W.,  No.  4 6 

Columbia  River,  View  on,  Nos.  133, 

134 68 

Columbia  River,  Cascades  of,  Nos. 

125,  187 66,  68 

Comanche  Domestic  Scene,  No.  91.. 54 

Comanche  Game,  No.  92 65 

Coowiscooee,  No.  19 15 

Cotsa,  No.  8 7 

Council,  International,  No.  27 18 

Cowockcoochee,  No.  1 5 

Craw-fish   walking    forward.    No. 

119 65 

Creek  Buffalo  Dance,  No.  12 10 

Crowsuntah,  No.  64 43 

Cudjo,  No.  4 6 


D. 

Dardanelle  Rock,  No.  33 26 

Dog,  No.  20 15 

73 


■  *  I* . . 

■1'  ■ 
I, 

I      .   )\ 

y  ■       >.^■ 


•  r  V 


'Iv. 


C  l';^. 


Ill '"I 


74 


INDEX. 


E. 

Pago 

Eagle  Feather,  No.  66 44 

Eater  of  tlie  Black  Buffalo  Heart, 

No.  87 54 

Eimhtc,  No.  104 59 

£i)i»hniin,  No.  106 50 

F. 

Feathered  Arrow,  No.  37 29 

Flight  of  a  Mountain  Trapper,  No. 

59 40 

Fox  Brave,  No.  63 .37 


G. 

Gamble,  James,  No.  34 26 

Gila  River,  No.  99 67 

Gray,  ,Iim,  No.  39 30 

Great  Dalles  Basin,  No.  138 68 

H. 

Hadooncotcsah,  No.  77 49 

Halburtahadjo,  No.  7 7 

Half-Day,  No.  36 29 

Hendrick,  Thomas,  No.  38 29 

Heriira,  Josd  Domingo,  No.  97 56 

Hiupckan,  No.  145 71 


I. 


International  Council,  No.  27 18 

Ishtoniioyes,  No.  34 26 


J. 

John  Ross.  No.  19 15 

Josd  Ahayea,  No.  96 56 

Jose  Domingo  Herura,  No.  97 56 

Jose  Maria,  No.  78 49 

Jos6  Maria  Vigil  Zuazo,  No.  93 56 

Juan  Antonio  Vigil,  No.  95 60 


K. 

Tagt 
Kaimetikin,  No.  142 70 

Kainiishkon,  No.  141 70 

Kukakatish,  No.  79 50 

Kasarouka,  No.  71 47 

Kccchekarouki,  No.  81 51 

Keeseclah,  No.  18 14 

Keethla,  No.  20 15 

Keoksoestee,  No.  129 67 

Keokuk,  No.  52 35 

Keppcoleck,  No.  64 37 

Ketclium,  Captain,  No.  42 31 

Kihiccatedah,  No.  69 40 

Komalkan,  No.  149 72 

Korakkookiss,  No.  82 62 

Korantetcduh,  No.  83 62 

Kottantcck,  No.  84 52 

Kwittealcokoosum,  No.  140 70 


Lahkiestum,  No.  146 71 

Little  King,  No.  14 12 

Little  Tecuniseh,  No.  51 .35 

Long  Hair,  No.  149 72 

Long  Traveller,  No.  44 32 


M. 

Man  named  by  the  Great  Spirit, 

No,  81 61 

Maricopa  Squaw,  No.  102 58 

Marked  Back,  No.  142 70 

Marked  Head,  No.  141 70 

Mary  and  Achata,  No.  115 62 

McCallah,  Captain,  No.  46 32 

Mcintosh,  Charles,  No.  25 17 

Mcintosh,  Chilly,  No.  17 13 

McLaughlin,  Dr.,  No.  Ill 61 

Medicine-dance  of  the  Sacs,  No.57..37 

Medicine-man,  No.  15 12 

Miss   Bewley,    Abduction   of.    No. 

124 06 

Mount  Hood,  NoB.127,136,138... 00,68 


INDEX. 


75 


IS, 


Page 

Nahraoosukah,  No.  90 54 

Nashtaw,  No.  72 48 

Naswnga,  No.  37 29 

Natural  Dam  in  Arkansas,  No.  82. ..20 

Nequabanah,  No.  (J5 44 

Nukesuke  Tustenuggoc,  No.  3 4,U 


0. 

Ogden,  Gov.  P.  S.,  No.  112 Gl 

Ohahahwahkco,  No.  89 54 

Ohtalincountah,  No.  24 17 

Oijoctlileyoliolo,  Nos.  10,  11 9 

Optegeezhcek,  No.  30 29 

Oregon  City,  No.  113 (il 

Oregon  in  December,  No.  135 08 

Osage  Mimic,  No.  07 44 

Osage  Scalp-daiico,  No.  08 45 


P. 

Pftconilalinqiming,  No.  47 33 

l'ali(|iicsahali.  No.  51 35 

Painted  Shirt,  No.  120 05 

Painter,  No.  72 48 

Puselix,  No.  143 71 

Passing  Cliief,  No.  09 40 

Pelouse  Falls,  No.  131 07 

Pclouse  River,  No.  130 07 

Peopeomuxmu.x,  No.  118 04 

Physic  Maker,  No.  15 12 

Pinio  Chief,  No.  100 58 

Pimo  Squaw,  No.  101 58 

Pochonnahshonnocco,  No.  87 54 

Poehonnahshonnocco's   Wife,    No. 

88 54 

Poochonequaheep,  No.  80 53 


Q. 

Quahgommce,  No.  49 34 

Quatykeu,  No.  110 01 


R. 


Pa  (ft 

Raven  Chief,  No.  139 09 

Red  Wolf,  No.  64 37 

Ritsaahroscat,  No.  73 48 

Roaring  Thunder,  No.  71 47 

Roasting  Ears,  No.  47 33 

Rokannowlia,  No.  44 32 

Ross,  John,  No.  19 15 


s. 

Sac  Chief,  No.  53 .37 

Sac  Medicine-dance,  No,  57 ...37 

Sue  War-cliief,  No.  55 37 

Salnion-tishi:ig    on    the  Columbia, 

No.  120 00 

Saushbu.Ycum,  No.  41...  31 

Second  Eye,  No.  43 31 

Scalp-dance  (Osage),  No.  (18 45 

Seiiiaalidiyuu,  No.  70 49 

Selimcooniclulock,  No.  139 09 

Seiniwucca,  No.  9 8 

Shabanee,  No.  40 30 

Shaceeshumoo,  No.  50 34 

Shaste  Squaw,  No.  103 58 

Shooting  Star,  No.  79 50 

Siiumahiccie,  No.  120 05 

Shumecuss,  No.  03 43 

Singing  Bird,  No.  70 49 

Sinpahsoxtin,  No.  150 72 

Sohape,  No.  47 71 

Spirit,  No.  20 17 

Spoiled  Person,  No.  23 10 

Stanley,  J.  M.,  (the  .\rtist,)  No.152.72 

Stan  Watie,  No.  21 10 

Stoniaquea,  No.  108 00 

Strong  Breast,  No.  144 71 

Swan,  No.  48 34 


T. 


Tahcoosah  Fixico,  No.  16 13 

Tall  Man,  No.  75 49 

Techongta  Saba,  No.  62 42 

Telallek,  No.  109 60 


J   13 


Wi 


P: 


fe 


76 


INDEX. 


Pngo 

TelokiKt,  No.  110 Co 

Tetokanim,  No.  105 59 

Thomas  VVatie,  No.  22 1« 

Tiger,  No.  8 7 

Tintinmiilikin,  No.  144 71 

Tintinroetze,  No.  128 67 

Tomathla  Micco,  No.  14 12 

Trapper's  Escape,  No.  UO 41 

Tuckabacka  Micco,  No.  15 12 

Tumsuckee,  No.  121 66 

Tustenuggeo  Chopko,  No.  5 7 

Tustenuggce  Emathla,  No.  18 10 

V. 

View  on  the  Spokane  River,  No. 151. 72 

Vigil,  Carlos,  No.  94 56 

Vigil,  Juan  Antonio,  No.  95 56 

Vigil  Zuazo,  Jos6  Maria,  No.  93.... 56 

w. 

Wabonseh,  No.  35 27 

Walipougga,  No.  48 34 


Pan* 

Wnhpuseo,  No.  148 72 

Waiecat,  No.  122 66 

Washarous,  No.  114 (il 

Wcchalahnache,  No.  26 17 

White  Sky,  Ni   35 27 

Whitman,  Dr.,  Musacre  of  his  Fa- 
mily, No.  123 66 

Wildcat,  No.  1 5 

Willamette  Falls,  No.  116 62 

Wohumpa,  No.  70 46 

Wolf,  Nos.  63,  101  43,  59 

Woman  of  the  Hunt,  No.  73 48 

Woman  who  catches  the  Spotted 

Fawn,  No.  83 52 

Wounded  Man,  No.  74 48 


T. 

Yeahweeooyahgec,  No.  23 16 

Yellow  Taint  Hunter,  No.  89 54 

Yellow  Serpent,  No.  118 64 

Yelsto,  No.  107 CO 


THE   END. 


STEIUIOTYPED  BT  I,.  JOHNSON  *  CO. 

piinjj>Ei.puu, 


